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Pharm II > Exam 2 - General/DOC > Flashcards

Exam 2 - General/DOC Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the general uses of ACE Inhibitors, “prils”?

A
  • HF

- HTN (especially if DM, CKD, HFrEF)

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2
Q

What are the general uses of ARBs, “sartans”?

A
  • HF

- HTN

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3
Q

What are the general uses of B-blockers?

A
  • HF (only in early stages)
  • HTN
  • Angina (classic)
  • Arrhythmias
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4
Q

What is the current DOC for HF?

A

ACE Inhibitors - “prils”

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5
Q

What are the general uses of Sodium nitroprusside?

A
  • HF

- Emergency HTN

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6
Q

What are the general uses of CCBs?

A
  • HTN
  • Chronic and variant angina (except nifedipine)
  • Arrhythmias (Verapamil, Diltiazem)
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7
Q

What is the DOC for any acute anginal attack?

A

Nitrates/Nitrites (Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide dinitrate)

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8
Q

What is the DOC for Li+-induced diabetes insipidus?

A

Amiloride (potassium sparing diuretic; direct inhibitor or Na influx)

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9
Q

What is the DOC for decreasing LDL levels?

A

Statins

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10
Q

What is the safest hypolipidemic drug and is good for pregnancy?

A

Cholestyramine (Bile Acid-Binding Resins)

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11
Q

What is the most effective agent in increasing HDL levels and is particularly used in patients who cannot exercise?

A

Niacin

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12
Q

What drug is very effective in hypertriglyceridemia?

A

Gemfibrozil (Fibrates)

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13
Q

What is the DOC for acute ventricular arrhythimas?

A

Lidocaine (Class 1B Anti-arrhythmic)

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14
Q

What is the 2nd line for acute treatment of PSVTs?

A

Esmolol (Class II Anti-arrhythmic)

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15
Q

What is the DOC for ventricular arrhythmias (ACLS)?

A

Amiodarone (Class III Anti-arrhythmic)

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16
Q

What is the DOC for acute PSVT?

A

Adenosine

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17
Q

What is the DOC for WPW syndrome?

A

Adenosine

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18
Q

What is the treatment order for acute PSVT?

A

1st line: Adenosine
2nd line: Esmolol
3rd line: CCBs (IV)

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19
Q

What is the treatment order for chronic PSVT?

A

1st line: B-blockers

2nd line: CCBs

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20
Q

What is the DOC for Torsade de Pointes?

A

IV Magnesium

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21
Q

What is the DOC to prevent thrombosis in patients with coronary stents?

A

Clopidogrel (Plavix), Ticagrelor (Brilinta)

- can also be used in pts allergic to aspirin

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22
Q

The following medications belong to what drug class?

  • Acetazolamide
  • Dorzolamide
  • Brinzolamide
A

CA Inhibitors (Diuretics)

“zolamide”

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23
Q

The following medications belong to what drug class?

  • Furosemide (Lasix)
  • Ethacrynic Acid
A

Loop Diuretics

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24
Q

What are the general uses for Loop diuretics?

A
  • HF
  • Pulmonary Edema
  • Hypercalcemia
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25
What are the general uses for Thiazide diuretics?
- HTN - HF - Nephrolithiasis - Nephrogenic DI
26
What are the general uses for Aldosterone antagonist?
- Hyperaldosteronism - Edema associated HF - Cirrhosis - Nephrotic syndrome - Hirsutism
27
What are the general uses for osmotic diuretics?
Prophylaxis of acute renal failure Decrease intraocular pressure Decrease intracranial pressure Protect kidneys from nephrotoxins
28
What is the general use of Desmopressin?
Central DI
29
What is the general use of Conivaptan and Tolvaptan?
Euvolemic/hypervolemic hyponatremia Conivaptan (hospital) Tolvaptan (take-home)
30
What drugs increase the lifespan in HF?
``` Aldosterone antagonist ACEI ARBs B-Blockers ARNI ```
31
B-blockers are the preferred drug for tx of HTN in what 4 conditions?
Angina Post MI Migraine HF
32
What are the general uses for dobutmaine/dopamine?
Short-term severe refractory HF | Dopamine is useful if an increase in BP is needed
33
What are the general uses of digoxin?
HF (last agent used; improves exercise tolerance) | Arrhythmias
34
What is the general use of Prazosin?
HTN (especially if BPH)
35
What is the use of Labetalol?
HTN emergencies | HTN in pregnancy
36
What is the use of carvediol?
HTN and HF especially after an MI
37
What is the use of hydralazine?
Chronic therapy for severe HTN | Severe HTN or HTN emergencies in pregnancy
38
What is the use of fenoldapam?
HTN emergencies
39
What is the use of Ranolazine?
Angina (last choice)
40
What is the use of Sildenafil, Vardenafil, and Tadalafil?
ED Vardenafil (fastest) Tadalafil (longest duration)
41
What are the initial recommended drug for HTN?
Thiazide diuretics ACEI ARBs CCB
42
What drug is only used in combo with statins for a synergistic effect?
Ezetimibe
43
Which anti-arrhythmics are used to increase the ERP?
``` Class IA - Quinidine - Procinamide Class III - Amiodarone - Sotalol ```
44
Which anti-arrhythmic is used to decrease the ERP?
Class IB | - Lidocaine
45
Which anti-arrhythmic does not change the ERP?
Class IC | - Flecainide
46
What is used to reverse heparin?
Protamine sulfate
47
What is used to reverse Dabigitran?
Idarucizimab
48
What is used to reverse Rivaroxaban?
Factor Xa
49
What is used to reverse Apixaban?
Factor Xa
50
What is used to reverse Warfain?
Vitamin K | FFP
51
What is used to reverse Anteplase?
Aminocarproic acid
52
What anticoagulant is is safe in pregnancy?
LMWH
53
What is the use of Dibigatran?
Prevention of stoke in pts with non-valvuable afib
54
What is the use of Rivaroxaban and apixaban?
- DVT and PE | - Prophylaxis of clots
55
What is the use of Warfarin?
Prophylaxis of emboli (heparin co-administered in the beginning)
56
What is the use of Alteplase?
Lysis of clots to re-establish tissue perfusion
57
What is the use of antifibrolytics (aminocaprotic acid and tranexamic acid)?
- Bleeding disorders (hemophilia) | - Reversal of fibrolytic therapy
58
What is the use of aspirin?
Prevent CV events in pts with established CV disease
59
What is the use of Abciximab?
- Combo with heparin | - Prevent clots during an angioplasty, atherectomy, and stent placement
60
Which drugs are metabolized by CYP3A4?
Eplerenone Sildenafil Statins
61
Which drugs are metabolized by CYP2C9?
Sildenafil
62
Which drugs are metabolized by CYP450s?
Statins
63
Which drugs are contraindicated in diabetics?
``` Hydrochlorothiazide Metolazone Indapamide Niacin B-blockers ```
64
Which drugs are safe in pregnancy?
``` Methylodopa (HTN) Labetaolol (HTN) Nifedipine (HTN) Hydralazine (HTN) Cholestyramine (hyperlipidemia) LMWH (anti-cogag) ```
65
Which drugs are metabolized by CYP2C19?
Clopidogrel (caution use with omeprazole)

Pharm II (10 decks)

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