Exam 2 - GI Webb/Lappin

Question 1

“Nugget” Sphynx chronic diarrhea differentials

Answer 1

parasites
IBD
diet - allergy/insensitivity
GI lymphoma

Question 2

“Oscar” DLH chronic intermittent vomitting differentials

Answer 2

constipation/megacolon
CKD
hyperthyroidism

Question 3

what are the treatments for constipation

Answer 3

1. fluids
2. psyllium enriched moderate insoluble/soluble fiber diet
3. cisapride

Question 4

“spike” DMH anorexia and lethargy differentials

Answer 4

cholangitis
pancreatitis
IBD
–> triaditis

Question 5

5 findings of pancreatitis on radiograph

Answer 5

soft tissue opacity
decreased serosal detail
wide pyloric duodenal angle
gas filled duodenum
corrugated small intestines

Question 6

cholangitis findings on US

Answer 6

thick GB wall
echogenic particulate matter
tortuous and dilated cystic and common bile duct

Question 7

what are we concerned about with feline triaditis

Answer 7

feline hepatic lipidosis
- increased ALP

Question 8

treatment for feline hepatic lipidosis

Answer 8

first thing to do is place NG or E tube to get nutrition in them

Question 9

vomiting or regurgitation
Active retching always
Marked abdominal effort
May contain bile
Typically ingesta looks digested (can be undig)
Typically long time after eating (can be soon)
Rarely tube-shaped
Rarely composed of just saliva
Retching often noisy
Rarely occurs >1-2x/day for 1-2 days
Rarely try to ingest ingesta after
Nausea or Salviation

Answer 9

vomiting

Question 10

vomiting or regurgitation
Usually no retching
Passive process
Usually no bile
Typically ingesta looks undigested (can be dig)
Typically soon after eating (can be long)
Can be tube-shaped
May consist of just white frothy saliva
May be quiet
Frequency can occur >5x/day for weeks
Frequently try to ingest ingesta after

Answer 10

regurgitation

Question 11

small bowel or large bowel diarrhea

Increased volume of feces
Normal-increased frequency of defecation
Flatulence, steatorrhea (reduced absorption)
Melena (tarry, black)
Weight loss
No urgency or dyschezia or mucus
Vomiting may occur

Answer 11

small bowel diarrhea

Question 12

small bowel or large bowel diarrhea

Small volume of feces
Increased frequency of defecation
Mucus in feces
Hematochezia (frank, red)
Tenesmus (straining)
Pain or urgency to defecate
Infrequent vomiting

Answer 12

large bowel diarrhea

Question 13

treatment for tritrichomonas foetus/blagburni

Answer 13

Ronidazole
Pradofloxacin
fortiflora

Question 14

risk of ronidazole

Answer 14

neutrotoxicity

Question 15

treatment for Giardia

Answer 15

febantel/fendendazole
Drontal plus
not metronidazole bc damages microbiome
high fiber diet + probiotics

Question 16

treatment for Isospora spp.

Answer 16

Ponazuril (toltrazuril) – coccidio-cidal, may sterilze bowel
Sulfadimethoxine

Question 17

treatment for a dog or cat with Cryptosporidium and best test

Answer 17

dog - Tylosin
cat - Azithromycin

PCR

Question 18

in hospital treatment for Parvovirus

Answer 18

IV fluids
Cefoxitin
Maropitant
NG tube + highly digestable bland food ASAP + probiotics

Question 19

outpatient protocol for puppy with parvovirus

Answer 19

IV fluids before discharge
at home SQ fluids
Maropitant
Cefovecin
oral support

Question 20

amikacin and gentamicin concerns

Answer 20

nephrotoxicity

Question 21

treatment for cat with Salmonella “songbird” treatment

Answer 21

diarrhea only - probiotics + diet
fever/bacteremia - Ampicillin or if septic Quinolones

Question 22

boxer with colitis
cause?
treatment?

Answer 22

E.coli
Enrofloxacin

Question 23

tritrichomonas diagnostics

Answer 23

wet mount
PCR

Question 24

giardia diagnostics

Answer 24

fecal float w/ centrifuge - cyst
antigen assay
IFA w/ crypto (lappin preferred test, gold standard)
wet mount - troph
PCR (least)

Question 25

isospora diagnostics

Answer 25

fecal float
PCR

Question 26

cryptosporidium diagnostics

Answer 26

PCR (best Se)
fecal float
IFA
acid-fast stain

Question 27

salmonella diagnostics

Answer 27

culture or PCR