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Clinical Sciences > Exam 6 - Livestock Upper Resp Disease > Flashcards

Exam 6 - Livestock Upper Resp Disease Flashcards

1
Q

pathogens included with viral rhinitis

A

BHV-1
PI-3
BVDV
BRSV

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2
Q

atopic/allergic rhinitis
species?
acute manifestation?
chronic manifestation?
diagnostic?
treatment?

A

older cattle - Jersey, Guernsey
acute - summer snuffles - type I hypersensitivity reaction
chronic - enzootic nasal granuloma
endoscopy
steroids

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3
Q

sinusitis
pathogenesis & bacteria involved

A

dehorning or horn injury (frontal sinus)
tooth root infection (maxillary sinus)

trueperella pyogenes - secondary to dehorning
pasteruella multocida - not associated with dehorning

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4
Q

sinusitis diagnostic

A

clinical signs
percussion
radiographs
sinus centesis

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5
Q

sinusitis treatment

A

trephination
aspiration
lavage
surgery
abx (penicillin)
NSAIDs
tooth extraction

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6
Q

oestrus ovis
pathogenesis
treatment

A

adults lay eggs on nostrils and larvae migrate to sinuses

ivermectin

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7
Q

ovine nasal adenocarcinoma
diagnosis
treatment

A

locally invasive tumor of nasal passage
radiographs, endoscopy + biopsy for definitive diagnosis
no treatment

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8
Q

porcine atrophic rhinitis
species
bacteria involved
clinical sign
treatment

A

young pigs < 3 weeks
bordetella bronchiseptica and pasturella multocida
nasal deviation
no treatment

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9
Q

choanal atresia
species
diagnosis
treatment

A

young camelids
endoscopy, radiographs with contrast, rubber catheter
surgery

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10
Q

necrotic laryngitis “laryngeal necrobacillosis” or “calf diphtheria”
pathogenesis
clinical signs
diagnosis
treatment

A

T. pyogenes & F. necrophorum
beef calves vocalizing
excess salivation, inappetance, painful cough, swollen larynx, foul odor
oral exam or endoscopy
Penicillin, Sulfa & NSAIDs

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11
Q

what causes laryngeal abscesses (usually on arytenoid cartilage)

A

necrotic laryngitis or trauma from feed or foreign body

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12
Q

what causes laryngeal papillomas
species?
treatment?

A

bovine papilloma virus 4
primarily feedlot cattle
vx, surgery

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13
Q

what cause IBR “red nose”

A

BHV-1

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14
Q

most common cause of tracheal collapse in calves
diagnosis?
treatment?

A

acquired - trauma at birth
radiographs or endoscopy
medical or surgery

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15
Q

two types of tracheal edema syndrome

A

acute “honker” syndrome
chronic “polypod tracheitis”

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16
Q

acute “honker syndrome”
target species?
clinical signs
diagnosis?
treatment?

A

southern feedlots
sudden resp distress
endoscopy
steroids - immune mediated or allergen mediated

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17
Q

chronic “polypod tracheitis”
target species?
clinical signs?
diagnosis?
treatment?

A

western feedlots
dry nonproductive hacking cough
endoscopy
none

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18
Q

important risk factors for bovine respiratory disease

A

reduced host immunity:
failure of passive immunity
stress (co-mingling, transport, weaning, surgery)

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19
Q

epidemiology of dairy calves and BRD

A

preweaned calves < 56 days of age
weaned calves 2-5 months “enzootic calf pneumonia”

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20
Q

epidemiology of beef calves and BRD

A

preweaned calves 3-5 months
weaned calves 21 days after arrival “shipping fever”

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21
Q

major pathogens that cause bronchopneumonia in food animal species

A

Mannheimia hemolytica (feedlot)
Bibersteinia trehalosi feedlot)
Histophilus somni feedlot)
Trueperella pyogenes
Pasturella multocida (dairy)
Mycoplasma bovis/dispar (dairy)

BHV-1, BRSV, PI-3, BVDV (feedlot)

22
Q

Histophilus somni opportunistic sites and sequelae

A

lung & extrapulmonary

sequelae = thrombotic meningoencephalitis, vasculitis, thrombosis

23
Q

what group of antibiotics will NOT work against Mycoplasma bovis/dispar

A

beta-lactams due to no cell wall

24
Q

Mycoplasma bovis/dispar opportunistic sites and sequelae

A

lung & extrapulmonary

otitis media & joints/arthritis, tenosynovitis

25
Q

Mannheimia hemolytica virulence factors

A

leukotoxin
endotoxin/LPS

26
Q

P. multocida virulence factors

A

endotoxin/LPS

27
Q

Histophilus somni virulence factors

A

LOS (lipooligosaccharide)
evasion of opsonization

28
Q

Mycoplasma bovis/dispar virulence factors and transmission

A

variable surface proteins (Vsp A, B, C)
adhesions

milk and colostrum

29
Q

Trueperella pyogenes virulence factors

A

Pyolysin

important secondary and tertiary invader (more chronic)

30
Q

prevention of BRD in cattle

A

colostrum management
reduce stress/mixing
herd surveillance
treatment approach

31
Q

herd surveillance in dairy vs beef for BRD

A

dairy - screening tests for high risk age groups

beef - “DART” visual observation

32
Q

pathogen detection for BRD

A

NOT nasal swabs

want deep nasopharyngeal swab, TTW/aspirate, BAL

33
Q

what diagnostic is more sensitive for detecting Mycoplasma

A

PCR > culture

34
Q

anitmicrobials of choice for Mycoplasma

A

macrolides, florfenicol, tetracyclines

35
Q

causes of metastatic pneumonia

A

hematogenous spread:
liver abscess = caudal vena cava thrombosis
jugular phlebitis
endocarditis
metritis, mastitis, foot rot

36
Q

most severe clinical sign seen with metastatic pneumonia

A

epistaxis

37
Q

prevention methods for metastatic pneumonia

A

re-evaluate nutrition/feed management

38
Q

causes of anaphylaxis

A

type I hypersensitivity reaction to antigen - vaccine, milk, insect, drug

39
Q

clinical signs of anaphylaxis

A

severe scute dyspnea, flaring nostrils, extension of head/neck, open-mouth breathing, urticaria and pharyngeal edema

40
Q

treatment of anaphylaxis

A

epinephrine
steroids, antihistamine, NSAID, milking out/drying off

41
Q

clinical syndromes of acute interstitial pneumonia

A

acute bovine pulmonary edema & emphysema (fog fever)
mold sweet potato toxicity
perilla mint toxicity
feedlot AIP

42
Q

acute bovine pulmonary edema & emphysema (fog fever)
toxin?
clinical signs?
prevention?

A

3-methylindole (pneumotoxic)
frothing at the mouth - NO cough, occurs within 2 weeks of pasture change
ionophores

43
Q

mold sweet potato toxicity
toxin?
clinical sign?

A

Fusarium solani
4-ipomeanol (pneumotoxin)
COUGH, death 2-5 days post infection

44
Q

perilla mint toxicity
toxin?
clinical sign?

A

oils similar to 4-IP
sudden death, ARDS

45
Q

feedlot AIP
how does this differ from acute bovine pulmonary edema & emphysema?

A

cattle on feed more than 60 days following arrival at feedlot
ionophores are ineffective

46
Q

lung parasites in bovine

A

Dictyocaulus viviparus
Ascaris suum

47
Q

lung parasites in small ruminants

A

Dictyocaulus filaria
Muellerius capillaris

48
Q

effective anthelmintics for treatment of lungworm

A

levamisole (except M. capillaris)
benzimidazoles
macrocyclic lactones

49
Q

most common cause of pleuritis and pleural effusion in livestock

test?
CBC/chem results?

A

secondary to traumatic reticulopleuritis/pulmonary hypertension
withers test
LS neutrophilia, hypergammaglobulinemia

50
Q

most common cause of pneumothorax in livestock

diagnosis?

A

BRSV

SQ emphysema

51
Q

most common cause of diaphragmatic hernia

A

dystocia - breech position

52
Q

Cutaneous Paraneoplastic Syndrome due to what?

A

Adenocarcinoma of the Thymus

Clinical Sciences (12 decks)

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