exam 2 lecture 6

Question 1

what muscle groups does the femoral nerve supply?
nerve roots?
sensory supply?

Answer 1

most hip flexors and all knee extensors
L2-4
sensory anterior/medial thigh

Question 2

what muscles does the obturator nerve supply?
nerve roots?
sensory supply?

Answer 2

hip adductors, obturator externus
L2-4
sensory medial thigh

Question 3

what nerves make up the sacral plexus?

Answer 3

superior gluteal n
inferior gluteal n
nerve to piriformis
sciatic n (tibial & common fibular)
nerve to obturator internus and gemellus superior
nerve to quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior

Question 4

what regions do the sacral plexus innervate?

Answer 4

posterior/lateral hip
posterior thigh
entire lower leg

Question 5

what are the hip flexors?

Answer 5

iliopsoas
sartorius
TFL
rectus femoris
adductor longus
pectineus

Question 6

attachments for iliopsoas and psoas minor:

Answer 6

iliacus: iliacus fossa/over SIJ
psoas major: TP T12 (blend w diaphragm)
both –> anterior to femoral head and attaches at lesser trochanter

psoas minor: directly ant. to psoas major

Question 7

what muscle is the prominent femoral on hip flexor and flexor of trunk/pelvis and creates frontal plane stability?

Answer 7

iliopsoas

Question 8

innervation for iliopsoas and psoas minor:

Answer 8

anterior ramus of spinal nerve L1

Question 9

what muscle does hip flexion/ER/ABD and is the longest muscle in the body? AKA tailor’s muscle

Answer 9

sartorius

Question 10

sartorius attachments:

Answer 10

ASIS –> medial proximal tibia @ pes anserine

Question 11

sartorius innervation:

Answer 11

femoral nerve (post division of L2/3)

Question 12

TFL attachments:

Answer 12

ilium to IT band

Question 13

what muscle does hip flexion and abd.
IR (@90º hip flexion)

Answer 13

TFL

Question 14

TFL innervation:

Answer 14

superior gluteal n. (L4-S1)

Question 15

what forms fascial sheets of intermuscular septa, has ITB formed deeper & glut max & TFL attach to it?

Answer 15

fascia latae of the thigh

Question 16

ITB innervation:

Answer 16

superior gluteal n (L4-S1)
inferior gluteal n (L5-S2)

Question 17

what muscle is between sartorius and TFL, a primary knee extensor & creates 1/3 of isometric torque at hip?

Answer 17

rectus femoris

Question 18

attachments for rectus femoris:

Answer 18

AIIS & superior rim of acetab. –> tibia

Question 19

innervation of rectus femoris:

Answer 19

femoral n

Question 20

with normal activation of abdominal muscles, how does the pelvis stay stabilized and prevent ant. tilting?

Answer 20

strong inferior pull of hip flexor muscles,

Question 21

what happens with a reduced activation of abdominal muscles?

Answer 21

contraction of hip flexor muscles causes a marked anterior tilt of the pelvis

Question 22

what are hip adductors named by their layers?

Answer 22

superficial:
- pectineus
- gracilis
- adductor longus

middle:
-adductor brevis

deep:
- adductor magnus

Question 23

when crossing R leg over to kick a soccer ball, what is occuring in the frontal plane?

Answer 23

right leg - femoral on pelvis
concentric add. on both R (pectineus, add. brevis & longus) & L (add. magnus)
eccentric activation of L glut med to control velocity and extent of the drop of adducting the left hip

Question 24

weakness of what 3 things may place a valgus strain on LE and risk ACL tear?

Answer 24

glut med
ERs
foot position

Question 25

when hip is near full flexion, what do the adductors assist with?

Answer 25

extension

Question 26

when hip is near full ext, what do the adductors assist with?

Answer 26

flexion

Question 27

true or false. in anatomical position there are NO perfectly positioned IRs?

Answer 27

true

Question 28

what muscle when in 60-90 deg of flex is considered IR?

Answer 28

piriformis

Question 29

what are the IRs function during gait?

Answer 29

during stance they rotate the pelvis on the femur

Question 30

what muscles act secondarily as IRs to help drive the swing leg in the gait cycle?

Answer 30

TFL anterior fibers of glut min/glut med adductor longus/brevis pectineus

Question 31

what are the primary hip extensors & their innervations?

Answer 31

glut max - inferior gluteal n hamstrings - sciatic (tibial part L5-S2) post. head of adductor magnus - obturator (L2-4)

Question 32

glut max attachments:

Answer 32

ilium/sacrum/coccyx/ST/post SIJ ligaments/TL fascia --> IT band/TFL & gluteal tuberosity

Question 33

what muscle is an extensor and ER & stabilizes SIJ and lumbar region?

Answer 33

glut max

Question 34

attachments for hamstrings:

Answer 34

IT --> tibia & fibula

Question 35

when significantly leaning forward from the hips, why would this increase the hamstring activation but not the glut max?

Answer 35

forward lean increases moment arm of hamstrings therefore increases passive tension in hamstrings

Question 36

what are the primary hip abductors?

Answer 36

glut med glut min TFL

Question 37

glut med attachments:

Answer 37

ilium to greater trochanter

Question 38

glut min attachments:

Answer 38

same as glut med (ilium to greater trochanter) BUT deep and anterior to glut med *may prevent impingement

Question 39

what muscle group stabilize the pelvis over fixed femur to keep pelvis from dropping during stance phase/walking?

Answer 39

hip abductors --> every step combined w/ =&opp. JRF

Question 40

what are the primary ERs? (nerves are n. to that muscle)

Answer 40

glut max - inf gluteal n 5/6 "short ERs": - piriformis - obturator internus - gemelli superior - gemelli inferior - quadratus femoris

Question 41

when the R leg is planted, ER will rotate the anterior side of the pelvis and the trunk to the _______

Answer 41

left * contralateral to the rotators

Question 42

can you create more strain in eccentric or concentric?

Answer 42

eccentric