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Nutrition > Exam 2: Lipids > Flashcards

Exam 2: Lipids Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What is fat’s role in the body? (8)

A
  • Stored energy
  • Emergency reserves
  • Organ protection
  • Temperature regulator
  • Muscle Fuel
  • Cell membranes
  • Raw materials for synthesis of compounds
  • Insulation (myelin)
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2
Q

The body’s capacity to store fat for energy is…

A 
Almost unlimited
      -Fat storing cells of
      adipose tissue readily take
      up and store fat
      -As extra energy storage is
       needed, new fat cells are
       created
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3
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

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4
Q

What is the largest class of lipids in body and foods?

A

Triglycerides

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5
Q

Triglycerides are composed of…

A

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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6
Q

Glycerol

A

CH2-CH-CH2

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7
Q

More unsaturated fatty acids are what at room temperature?

A

Liquid, melt more readily

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8
Q

What fats are most likely to become rancid more quickly?

A

Unsaturated fats

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9
Q

What causes unsaturated fats to go rancid?

A

Oxidation that causes deterioration

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10
Q

Only major plant sources of saturated fats

A

Palm and coconut old and cocoa butter

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11
Q

Oleic acid

A

Monounsaturated fat

-Primary sources include olive oil, peanuts, avocado and canola oil

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12
Q

General sources of polyunsaturated fats

A

Vegetable oils and fish

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13
Q

Where are omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids counted from?

A

Omega end of the chain (With only hydrogens attached to carbon)

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14
Q

Essential fatty acids

A
  • Linoleic acid (omega 6)

- Linolenic acid (omega 3)

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15
Q

Two types of Linolenic acid

A

EPA and SHA

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16
Q

Linoleic acid

A

Omega 6
Found in plant seeds and oils, vegetable oils, seeds, nuts, whole grain foods
Generally adequate amounts in most diets

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17
Q

Linolenic acid

A

Omega 3

Found primarily in fish oils

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18
Q

What is linolenic acid important to health in?

A 
Normal growth and development
Prevention and treatment of     -heart disease
-diabetes
-hypertension
-arthritis
-cancer
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19
Q

Functions of essential fatty acids

A

Help regulate body functions

Structural components of cell membrane

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20
Q

Are phospholipids essential?

A

No, the body manufactures them

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21
Q

Phospholipids have…

A

Two fatty acids and a phosphate group

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22
Q

What is the main phospholipid (that is part of lipoproteins) called?

A

Lecithin

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23
Q

Are sterols essential?

A

No, synthesized by body

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24
Q

Sterols

Study These Flashcards
A

Carbon rings intermeshed with side chains of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

25
Functions of sterols
Precursors to bile, cholesterol part of cell membranes
26
Dietary cholesterol makes up ___% of the body's cholesterol; rest is provided by ________
25% | Liver synthesis
27
What kind of foods contain cholesterol?
Only animal foods
28
Lipoproteins are...
Carriers of cholesterol in the blood
29
Lipoproteins
VLDLs, LDLs, IDLs, HDLs
30
Good cholesterol
HDL
31
Cardiovascular disease
A group of diseases and conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels
32
What is currently the leading cause of death in the US of men and women in all ethnic and racial groups?
Cardiovascular disease
33
Cardiovascular diseases
- Coronary heart disease - Hypertension - Congestive heart failure - Stroke - Peripheral vascular disease
34
Coronary heart disease
Most common type of cardiovascular disease! | Usually caused by atherosclerosis
35
Non-modifiable risk factors for CHD
- Increasing age - Male gender - Family history
36
Modifiable risk factors for CHD
- High blood LDL - Low blood LDL - High blood pressure - Diabetes - Obesity - Physical inactivity - Cigarette smoking - High fat diet
37
Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes
TLC Program for lowering CHD risk Promoted by NCEP
38
What does TLC recommend?
>Cholesterol-lowering diet >Weight-reduction >Regular physical activity
39
TLC Lifestyle choices
- Increase physical activity to at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity - Smoking cessation
40
TLC Weight Reduction
- May improve other risk factors | - Initial goal is to lose no more than 10% of original body weight
41
TLC Dietary Strategies
- Reduce saturated fat - Avoid trans fats - Consume omega 3 - Increase complex carbohydrates - Soluble fiber - Plant protein sources - Limit sodium - Alcohol in moderation - Plant sterols
42
How soon can substantial progress be seen in TLC if used correctly?:
6 weeks
43
Individuals with high risk of CHD should try to lower LDL cholesterol with at least ___________ of TLC before starting drug therapy
3 month trial
44
Hypertension affects
Affects almost 1/3 of adults in U.S.
45
Estimated ___ of people with hypertension are unaware of problem
37%
46
Hypertension is a primary risk factor for...
Atherosclerosis and CVDs
47
Hypertension increases risk for
- Heart arrhythmia - CHF - Stroke - Kidney failure - Sudden death
48
Blood pressure determinants
- Cardiac output | - Peripheral resistance
49
Hypertension
Systolic: >140 Diastolic: >90
50
DASH diet
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension | -High in vegetables and fruits
51
Congestive heart failure
Inability of heart to pump adequate blood | Develops primarily in elderly
52
Dietary cholesterol
Raises blood cholesterol levels, but not to the level that sat and trans fats do
53
Major sources of dietary cholesterol
Eggs Meat, poultry & shellfish Cheese Whole milk products
54
American Heart Association recommends how many servings of fatty fish per week?
At least 2
55
Intake from saturated fats should be less than ____ of kcalories
10%
56
Trans fat intake should be..
As low as possible
57
Cholesterol intake should be less than ____ mg/day
300
58
Hidden fats
Contain in fried foods, baked goods, sauces, mixed dished, dips, etc
59
Olestra
Fat replacer, causes digestive distress

Nutrition (10 decks)

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