Exam 2 Proteins Flashcards
(39 cards)
Difference in protein content
Contain nitrogen (carbs and lipids don’t)
Composition of amino acids
- Backbone (Amino group, acid group, nitrogen)
- Side group
Dipeptides
Bonding of two or more amino acids
Polypeptides
Ten or more amino acids bonded together
What determines protein function in body?
Shapes of proteins
Non-essential amino acids
More than half of body proteins are produced by the liver
Conditionally essential amino acids
Special circumstances may increase need for normally nonessential amino acid
(Arginine)
Essential Amino Acids (list)
Phenylalanine Valine Threonine Tryptophan Isoleucine Methionine Histidine Arginine (conditional) Leucine Lysine
Roles of protein in body
- Growth, maintenance and repair
- Energy and glucose
- Enzymes
- Fluid and electrolyte balance
- Antibodies
- Hormones
- Transport
What proteins help regulate acid-base balance?
Albumin
Some hormones are ____, while others are _____
Proteins, sterols
Examples of proteins that act as hormones
Glucagon and insulin
Daily protein allowance for adult
0.8 gram per kg of body weight
Daily protein allowance for athlete
1-1.5 g/kg
RDA of protein is slightly higher for
Infants, children and pregnant and lactating women
What foods contain all 9 EAAs?
- Animal foods
- Soybeans
- Quinoa
Limiting AA is…
the EAA that a protein lacks
Protein sparing
Adequate energy must be available from carbohydrate & fat in order for the body to efficiently use dietary protein for growth
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
- Food and energy deprivation
- Results in use body protein for energy
Two forms of PEM
Marasmus
Kwashiorkor
PEM is…
Most wide-spread form of malnutrition in the world
Marasmus
Very skinny looking child
Less than 2 years old
Severe deprivation of protein, energy, vitamins
Kwashiorkor
Child with large stomach! Older infants and young children Inadequate protein Rapid onset Inadequate fluid placement
Protein excess can lead to…
- Heart disease
- Kidney disease
- Adult bone loss
