Exam 2 Muscles & Muscle Tissue

Question 1

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 1

skeletal/cardiac/smooth

Question 2

?

Is striated and involuntary; the body’s blood pump

Answer 2

cardiac muscle tissue

Question 3

?
Is striated and voluntary; are of the longest fibers
Are responsible for overall body motility

Answer 3

skeletal muscle tissue

Question 4

?
Is visceral, non-striated, involuntary
Found in the walls of hollow visceral organs, stomach, urinary bladder, respiratory passages
Forces fluids and other substances through internal body channels

Answer 4

smooth muscle tissue

Question 5

Muscle cells cannot reproduce/divide; they lack centrioles; can grow larger

Specific adaptation to oppose demands; muscles will adapt the way you task them

Answer 5

Muscle cells and muscle fibers are the same

Question 6

?

The ability to shorten forcibly when adequately stimulated

Answer 6

Contractility

Question 7

?

Is the ability of a muscle cell to recoil and resume its resting length after being stretched

Answer 7

Elasticity

Question 8

?

(responsiveness or irritability), the ability to receive and respond to a stimulus, sometimes called conductivity

Answer 8

Excitability

Question 9

?

Is the ability to be stretched or extended, muscle cells shorten when contracting, and stretch when relaxed

Answer 9

Extensibility

Question 10

?

Is the ability to be stretched or extended, muscle cells shorten when contracting, and stretch when relaxed

Answer 10

Extensibility

Question 11

There are 4 important muscle functions

Answer 11

1. Producing movement
2. Maintaining posture and body position
3. Stabilizing joints
4. Generating heat; muscles generate heat as they contract

Question 12

Skeletal muscle, is a discrete organ, made up of several kinds of tissues
Energy = ?

Answer 12

ATP; adenosine triphosphate

Question 13

ATP is stored as ?; alternative energy source for muscle tissue

Answer 13

creatine phosphate

Question 14

? attaches bone to bone

Answer 14

Ligaments

Question 15

? attach muscle to bone or muscle to muscle; an extension of muscle

Answer 15

Tendons

Question 16

Sarcomere

- The parallel orderly arrangement of myosin filaments and whatever actin overlaps them is the ?

Answer 16

A-band

Question 17

The area between the actin (the lighter area) is referred to as the ?

Answer 17

H-zone

Question 18

From the end of one A-band to the beginning of the next A-band is the ?

Answer 18

I-band

Question 19

The ? connects the sarcomeres in the ?

Answer 19

Z-line/Z-disc; I-band

Question 20

The ? connects the sarcomeres in the ?

Answer 20

Z-line/Z-disc; I-band

Question 21

When skeletal muscle contracts, the ?-zone shrinks and disappears, the ?-band shrinks and virtually disappears, but the ?-band stays the same width

Muscle cells/fibers contract by shortening

Answer 21

H-zone; I-band; A-band

Question 22

Actin & Myosin
Myosin filaments, is made up of about 200 myosin molecules
- Made up of a head or cross bridge and a tail
Two parts to the head, ? and ?

Answer 22

actin binding site; ATP-ase site

Question 23

?, are active sites for myosin attachments

Answer 23

actin

Question 24

It’s the ? not ? of ATP that causes myosin to release

Answer 24

binding; splitting

Question 25

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) - Major role is to ? - Insulates actin and myosin from contracting

Answer 25

regulate intracellular levels of ionic calcium (is where calcium is housed)

Question 26

``` Muscles begin at their origin and end at the insertion Muscle fibers slide Myosin head = ? Actin slides over myosin ? is an enzyme that splits ATP ```

Answer 26

cross bridge; ATP-ase

Question 27

? A moderate oxidative capacity with moderate ATP-ase activity In-between slow and fast twitch

Answer 27

Type 2a Intermediate

Question 28

? High oxidative capacity with low ATP-ase activity High percentage of these are more efficient at manufacturing ATP; better endurance, marathon runner, last longer

Answer 28

Type 1 Slow Twitch Muscle Fiber, Red

Question 29

? Low oxidative capacity with high ATP-ase activity High percentage of these fatigue quicker but contract faster, explosive/more power

Answer 29

Type 2 Fast Twitch Muscle Fiber, White

Question 30

? contraction; | static resistance, with static range of motion, disadvantage one spot strengthens, no movement

Answer 30

Isometric (contraction)

Question 31

? contraction; variable range of motion with a static resistance, disadvantage only trains at the weakest weight in the range of motion, works through a full range of movement

Answer 31

Isotonic (contraction)

Question 32

? contraction; | variable range of motion with a variable range of resistance, against gravity

Answer 32

Concentric (contraction)

Question 33

? contraction; | with gravity

Answer 33

Eccentric (contraction)

Question 34

? contraction; | with gravity

Answer 34

Eccentric (contraction)

Question 35

``` Smooth Muscle Is non-striated No sarcomeres, no A-bands, no H-bands Muscle fibers/cells are much larger Contraction of smooth muscle is longer and over a greater range ```

Answer 35

There are myosin-thick filaments and actin-thin filaments but because there are no sarcomeres they are not connected in the same way; they run the long length of the cell and attach to the ends of the cells' plasma membrane or attach to Dense body's

Question 36

? is involved in contraction but it doesn't go the same way; it floods in directly through the plasma membrane; the contraction can start at any spot in the cell, through conduction

Answer 36

Calcium

Question 37

? is involved in contraction but it doesn't go the same way; it floods in directly through the plasma membrane; the contraction can start at any spot in the cell, through conduction

Answer 37

Calcium

Question 38

More sensitive to chemical changes | _____ is where the calcium binds to, NOT _____

Answer 38

myosin; actin

Question 39

Smooth muscle has a 3rd major filament in it called _____; helps to give the cell shape, structural element

Answer 39

intermediate filament

Question 40

Cardiac Muscle Is non-striated or striated? is voluntary or involuntary? 220 - your age = your max heart rate, BPM's

Answer 40

striated; involuntary