EXAM 2 NAIL Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is stridor and what does it indicate?
a brassy crowing sound prominent on inspiration, suggesting a mildly occluded airway caused by swelling or a mild airway obstruction from a foreign body
What is wheezing and what does it indicate?
a high-pitched, whistling breath sound that is most prominent on expiration, and which suggests an obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis
What are crackles (rales) and what do they indicate?
a crackling, rattling breath sound that signals fluid in the air spaces of the lungs, indicative of CHF or pulmonary edema
What is rhonchi and what does it indicate?
coarse, low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways, suggesting pneumonia or bronchitis
What are included in the upper airway?
mouth, epiglottis, oropharynx, pharynx, nasopharynx, nasal air passage, larynx
What divides the upper and lower airways?
larynx
What is included in the lower airway?
trachea, carina, main bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
What controls the movement of the diaphragm?
the phrenic nerve
What is surfactant?
reduces surface tension within the alveoli and keeps them expanded, thus making it easier for the gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide to take place
What are Kussmaul respirations?
deep, rapid respirations common in patients with metabolic acidosis
What is the minimum pressure of suction for a suctioning device we would use?
300 mm Hg
What are the suctioning time limits?
adult: 15 sec
child: 10 sec
infant: 5 sec
What system equips oxygen cylinders with threaded gas outlet valves to prevent the accidental attachment of a regulator to a wrong cylinder?
American Standard Safety System
What are common signs of croup and what is it?
inflammation and swelling of the upper airway and trachea, signs are stridor and a seal-bark cough; seen in children
What are special considerations when dealing with a patient with TB?
wear gloves, eye protection, and an N-95 respirator
What condition usually comes about as a result of Congestive Heart Failure?
pulmonary edema
What is emphysema?
type of COPD in which there is a loss of elastic material in the lungs and inflammation
What lung sounds are associated with pulmonary edema and COPD?
wet for pulmonary edema and dry for COPD
What are the signs of CHF?
elevated BP, pedal edema, jugular vein distention, general weakness, inability to lie flat, abdominal distention and history of congestive heart failure
What airway conditions are caused by allergens?
asthma, hay fever, and anaphylaxis
How should you position patients that are suffering from pneumothorax or pleural effusion?
upright
What are the signs and symptoms of pulmonary emboli?
Dyspnea Tachycardia Tachypnea Varying degrees of hypoxia Cyanosis Acute chest pain Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
What is the best way to treat acute pulmonary edema?
CPAP
