Exam 2 Other Drugs

Question 1

what does thiazide diuretics treat (have thia in the name)

Answer 1

HTN

Question 2

what do calcium channel blockers treat

Answer 2

HTN

Question 3

what do angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors treat

Answer 3

HTN

Question 4

what do angiotensin receptor blockers treat

Answer 4

HTN

Question 5

diuretic

Answer 5

increase urinary excretion of h2o and electrolytes (lowers blood volume), common concern is its effect on serum electrolytes, specifically potassium

Question 6

angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors

Answer 6

reduce blood pressure by inhibiting the RAAS, dilates arteries and decreases blood volume, end in pril

Question 7

angiotensin receptor blocker

Answer 7

block the binding of angiotensin 2 to angiotensin receptors. end in tan

Question 8

calcium channel blocker

Answer 8

inhibit the entry of calcium into the cell, inhibiting muscular contractions, leads to relaxation of arteriolar vasculature and reduction of BP

Question 9

inotropic drug

Answer 9

affect contractility, positive increase the force of contraction and vice versa

Question 10

chronotropic drugs

Answer 10

affect heart rate, positive increase HR and vice versa

Question 11

ace inhibitor

Answer 11

decrease after load by decreasing peripheral resistance and BP, decrease preload by vasodilation and inhibition of aldosterone (causing diuresis and decreased blood volume)

Question 12

diuretic

Answer 12

decrease preload by lowering blood volume through increased urine output, commonly used with ACE inhibitor

Question 13

short acting nitrate

Answer 13

sublingually to stop acute angina attack

Question 14

nitrate

Answer 14

relax both arterial and venous smooth muscle, reducing workload of the heart, dilate coronary arteries

Question 15

long acting nitrate

Answer 15

given via oral or transdermal route to decrease frequency and severity of attacks

Question 16

nitrate medications

Answer 16

isosorbide and nitroglycerin are both available in short and long acting formulations

Question 17

adverse effects nitrate

Answer 17

hypotension, dizziness, headache, flushing of face, reflex tachycardia, development of tolerance

Question 18

Angina medications

Answer 18

used to terminate an episode or decrease frequency of episodes

Question 19

antihistamines

Answer 19

h1 receptor blockers, most effective taken before symptoms occur, also used for motion sickness and insomnia, cause more significant drowsiness and anticholinergic effects

Question 20

anticholinergic effects

Answer 20

dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision

Question 21

intranasal corticosteroid

Answer 21

prevention of allergic rhinitis, applied topically to nasal mucosa, may take 1-3 weeks to reach peak effect, avoids adverse effects associated with oral glucocorticoids

Question 22

decongestant

Answer 22

relief of allergic rhinitis, relieves nasal congestion by causing vasoconstriction of the mucosa, can be combined with antihistamines, intranasal may have rebound congestion, oral administration slower onset and more systemic effects

Question 23

antitussive

Answer 23

suppresses cough

Question 24

expectorant

Answer 24

stimulates mucus flow and decreases viscosity of secretions

Question 25

mucolytic

Answer 25

break down mucus

Question 26

beta 2 adrenergic agonist

Answer 26

activation of beta 2 receptors, leading to bronchodilation, first line therapy

Question 27

short acting beta agonist

Answer 27

rescue inhaler, rapid onset, used for acute asthma attack, effect lasts 2-6 hours

Question 28

anticholinergic

Answer 28

may be given in conjunction with a short acting beta agonist during an acute attack

Question 29

long acting beta agonist

Answer 29

slower onset, will not help during an acute asthma attack

Question 30

corticosteroid

Answer 30

treat inflammatory component, most effective drug for prevention of acute attacks

Question 31

mast cell stabilizer

Answer 31

inhibit release of histamine from mast cells

Question 32

leukotriene modifier

Answer 32

modify the action of leukotrienes which are chemical mediators of inflammation

Question 33

methylxanthines

Answer 33

replaced by safer, more effective drugs, narrow margins of safety, many drug interactions

Question 34

anticoagulant

Answer 34

used to prevent formation of clots, increase normal clotting time, used primarily to prevent clot formation in veins

Question 35

anti platelet agent

Answer 35

inhibit platelet aggregation, primarily used to prevent clot formation in arteries

Question 36

thrombolytics

Answer 36

used to dissolve life-threatening clots

Question 37

hemostatic

Answer 37

promote formation of clots, inhibit normal removal of fibrin, speed clot formation