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Pharm 402 > Exam 3 Prototypes > Flashcards

Exam 3 Prototypes Flashcards

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1
Q

desmopressin(DDAVP) Pharm Class

A

ADH

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2
Q

desmopressin(DDAVP) Indications

A

Diabetes Insipidus, von Willebrand’s disease (blood clotting disorder), bed wetting

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3
Q

desmopressin(DDAVP) MOA

A

Acts on the kidneys to reabsorb water; controls bleeding in certain clotting disorders; contraction of smooth muscle in vascular system

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4
Q

desmopressin(DDAVP) ADRs

A

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism (tachycardia, anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, heat intolerance, diaphoresis, menstrual irregularities)

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5
Q

desmopressin(DDAVP) Other Consid.

A

Administer 30-60 minutes before breakfast (empty stomach; prevent insomnia). Narrow therapeutic range; blood levels monitored. Long half-life; given once a day and steady state is achieved in 6-8 weeks. Many drug interactions. Use with caution in elderly with heart disease. Educate clients that this is life-long therapy (does not cure hypothyroidism). Monitor TSH levels

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6
Q

levothyroxine (Synthroid) Pharm Class

A

thyrid hormone

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7
Q

levothyroxine (Synthroid) Indications

A

hypothyroidism

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8
Q

levothyroxine (Synthroid) MOA

A

Synthetic T4; increases metabolic rate of body tissues

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9
Q

levothyroxine (Synthroid) ADRs

A

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism (tachycardia, anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, heat intolerance, diaphoresis, menstrual irregularities)

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10
Q

levothyroxine (Synthroid) Other Consid.

A

Administer 30-60 minutes before breakfast (empty stomach; prevent insomnia). Narrow therapeutic range; blood levels monitored. Long half-life; given once a day and steady state is achieved in 6-8 weeks. Many drug interactions. Use with caution in elderly with heart disease. Educate clients that this is life-long therapy (does not cure hypothyroidism). Monitor TSH levels

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11
Q

metformin (Glucophage) Pharm. Class

A

Biguanide

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12
Q

metformin (Glucophage) Indications

A

Type II Diabetes (1st line drug)

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13
Q

metformin (Glucophage) MOA

A

Decreases hepatic production of glucose and reduces insulin resistance (benefit is that it does not cause hypoglycemia; also lowers triglyceride and LDL levels and promotes weight loss)

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14
Q

metformin (Glucophage) ADRs

A

N/V, diarrhea, abdominal bloating, metallic taste. Black box warning for increased risk of lactic acidosis (may be fatal) with liver/renal disease, excess alcohol intake, or serious infection

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15
Q

metformin (Glucophage) Other Consid.

A

Contraindicated with impaired renal function, heart failure, liver failure, serious infection. Must be held 2 days before and 2 days after receiving IV contrast

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16
Q

regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R) Pharm. Class

A

Hormone, drug for diabetes

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17
Q

regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R) Indications

A

Treatment of hyperglycemia, treatment of acute ketoacidosis; treatment of hyperkalemia (off-label use)

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18
Q

regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R) MOA

A

Short acting insulin to promote entry of glucose into cells

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19
Q

regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R) ADRs

A

Hypoglycemia (tachycardia, confusion, sweating, restlessness; coma and death if severe hypoglycemia goes untreated), hypokalemia

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20
Q

regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R) Other Consid.

A

Can be given SC or IV. Only use insulin syringe. Administer 30 minutes before meal

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21
Q

carbidopa/levodpa (Sinemet) pharm. class

A

dopamine agonist

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22
Q

carbidopa/levodpa (Sinemet) indications

A

Parkinson’s disease

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23
Q

carbidopa/levodpa (Sinemet) MOA

A

Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the CNS where it serves as a neurotransmitter; carbidopa prevents peripheral destruction of levodopa; relieves tremor and rigidity

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24
Q

carbidopa/levodpa (Sinemet) ADRs

A

Uncontrolled and purposeless movements, N/V, orthostatic hypotension, dark urine/sweat, hepatotoxicity, cardiac arrhythmias, psychosis

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25
carbidopa/levodpa (Sinemet) Other Consid.
Monitor liver function, instruct clients to rise slowly when standing, taking with high protein foods may decrease absorption of the medication, Vitamin B6 promotes breakdown of levodopa, avoid abrupt withdrawal of medication
26
donepezil (Aricept) pharm. class
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
27
donepezil (Aricept) Indications
Alzheimer's disease
28
donepezil (Aricept) ADRs
N/V, diarrhea, poor appetite, GI bleeding, abnormal dreams, muscle cramps
29
donepezil (Aricept) Other Consider.
Can take weeks to notice any effect, maximum benefit may take up to 6 months, administer at bedtime
30
donepezil (Aricept) MOA
Inhibits acetylcholinesterase making more acetylcholine available; enhances effects of acetylcholine in neurons that have not yet been damaged improving memory and cognition in mild to moderate dementia
31
baclofen (Lioresal) pharm. class
GABA(B) receptor agonist
32
baclofen (Lioresal) indications
muscle spasticity
33
baclofen (Lioresal) MOA
GABAB receptor agonist; general CNS depression; exact MOA unknown (thought to inhibit transmission of mono/polysynaptic reflexes)
34
baclofen (Lioresal) ADRs
Hypotension, N/V, constipation, poor muscle tone, dizziness, sedation
35
baclofen (Lioresal) other consider.
Avoid activities requiring mental alertness until effects are known, avoid stopping abruptly, avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants, may be administered via intrathecal pump,
36
phenobarbital (Luminal) pharm. class
Barbiturate, GABA(A) receptor drug
37
phenobarbital (Luminal) indications
seizure, sedation
38
phenobarbital (Luminal) MOA
Enhances action of GABA, suppressing abnormal neuronal discharges
39
phenobarbital (Luminal) ADRs
Drowsiness, respiratory depression, vitamin deficiencies (D, folate, B9, B12), N/V
40
phenobarbital (Luminal) other consider.
Schedule IV drug, Pregnancy category D. Avoid use with other CNS depressants. Overdose: CNS depression, coma, death.
41
diazepam (Valium) pharm. class
Benzodiazepine, GABA receptor drug
42
diazepam (Valium) indications
Seizure, sedation, anxiety, muscle spasm, alcohol/benzo withdrawal
43
diazepam (Valium) MOA
Enhances action of GABA, suppressing abnormal neuronal discharges
44
diazepam (Valium) ADRs
Hypotension, muscle weakness, drowsiness, respiratory depression; adverse effects are more pronounced when given IV
45
diazepam (Valium) other consider.
Schedule IV, Pregnancy category D May take 1-2 weeks to reach max concentration when taken orally. Quick onset and lasts ~20 minutes when given IV. Avoid use with other CNS depressants. For short term use. Can be given rectally
46
phenytoin (Dilantin) Pharm. class
Hydantoin
47
phenytoin (Dilantin) Indications
seizures
48
phenytoin (Dilantin) MOA
Desensitizes sodium channels in CNS, preventing abnormal neuronal discharges
49
phenytoin (Dilantin) ADRs
Drowsiness, nausea, gingival hypertrophy, hirsutism, suicidal thoughts, ataxia (lack of muscle coordination), hematologic toxicities (RBC, WBC, platelets)
50
phenytoin (Dilantin) Other Consid.
Many drug-drug interactions. Never administer IV in same line as another drug or with dextrose solution (normal saline only). Monitor drug levels. Can cause tissue necrosis if there is IV infiltration. IV administration requires a filter. Hold tube feeding for 2 hours before and after administration
51
sertraline (Zoloft) Pharm. class
SSRI
52
sertraline (Zoloft) Indications
Depression, anxiety, OCD, panic disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, PTSD, social anxiety disorder
53
sertraline (Zoloft) MOA
Inhibits the reuptake of serotoni
54
sertraline (Zoloft) ADRs
Insomnia, headache, dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, sexual dysfunction, nausea
55
sertraline (Zoloft) Other Consid.
Many drug-drug interactions (digoxin, warfarin, diazepam, aspirin, NSAIDS), avoid use with alcohol, monitor for suicidal ideation, avoid abrupt discontinuation. Do not give concurrently with MAO
56
lithium carbonate (Eskalith) Pharm. class
antimanic
57
lithium carbonate (Eskalith) Indications
antimanic???**not listed on slides
58
lithium carbonate (Eskalith) MOA
Exact mechanism unknown. Affects synthesis, release, and reuptake of acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA, norepinephrine; alters Na transport in nerve cells
59
lithium carbonate (Eskalith) ADRs
Metallic taste, tremors, polyuria, polydipsia, diarrhea, fatigue, weight gain
60
lithium carbonate (Eskalith) Other Consid.
Nursing Considerations Monitor serum drug levels (narrow therapeutic index, patients vary widely in absorption and excretion), alcohol and diuretics increase risk of dehydration (é risk of toxicity), take with food to ê N/V, consistent salt intake, therapeutic effects take 7-10 days, contraindicated in pregnancyBlack Box Warning Monitor serum levels (high risk of toxicity)Signs of Toxicity Unsteady gait (ataxia), vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, tremor, muscle weakness, blurred vision, large volume diuresis
61
methylphenidate (Ritalin) Pharm. class
CNS stimulant
62
methylphenidate (Ritalin) indications
ADHD, narcolepsy
63
methylphenidate (Ritalin) MOA
Activates reticular activating system (increasing alertness); blocks uptake of norepinephrine and dopamine
64
methylphenidate (Ritalin) ADRs
HTN, tachycardia, hepatotoxicity, decreased appetite, anxiet
65
methylphenidate (Ritalin) Other Consid.
Nursing Considerations Symptoms typically improve within a few weeks, Schedule II drug, periodic drug-free holidays are recommended to reduce dependence and assess patient for underlying disorders, take early in day to prevent disruption of sleep pattern Black Box Warning for cardiovascular effects
66
sildenafil (Viagra-ED, Revatio-pulmonary HTN) Pharm. class
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor
67
sildenafil (Viagra-ED, Revatio-pulmonary HTN) indications
Erectile dysfunction, pulmonary arterial hypertension
68
sildenafil (Viagra-ED, Revatio-pulmonary HTN) MOA
Inhibiting PDE-5 increases levels of cGMP, which produces smooth muscle relaxation and increases blood flow to the corpus cavernosum (Viagra) or vasodilation of the pulmonary vascular bed (Revatio).
69
sildenafil (Viagra-ED, Revatio-pulmonary HTN) contraindications
Concurrent use of nitrates may cause refractory, life-threatening hypotension.
70
sildenafil (Viagra-ED, Revatio-pulmonary HTN) ADRs
Headache, dizziness, facial flushing, nasal congestion, hypotension
71
sildenafil (Viagra-ED, Revatio-pulmonary HTN) other consider.
Dosing Viagra dosing is generally higher (50 mg) and is taken 30 min to 1 hour before sexual activity and only once a day. Revatio dosing is generally lower (5-20 mg) and is taken 3 times a dayNursing Implications Viagra: There is no effect in the absence of sexual stimulation, seek medical attention if erection lasts more than 4 hours (priapism), counsel on STI/HIV prevention. Revatio: Monitor vital signs, cardiac function, exercise tolerance prior to and during therapy

Pharm 402 (9 decks)

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