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1
Q

hematopoiesis

A

formation and maturation of blood cells, occurs in bone marrow for adults

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2
Q

erythrocytes

A

carry oxygen, RBCs

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3
Q

leukocytes

A

fight infection, WBCs

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4
Q

leukocytosis

A

increased white blood cell count

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5
Q

thrombocytes

A

clotting, platelets

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6
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

low number of platelets

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7
Q

immunity

A

the ability to resist and fight infection. recognition, processing and destruction of foreign invaders, removal of damaged cells, protection against proliferation of abnormal or malignant cells, WBC and lymphatic system

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8
Q

antigens

A

foreign or “non self” substances that trigger the immune system

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9
Q

active immunity

A

immune system stimulated to produce antibodies by a pathogen or its vaccine, generates memory b cells

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10
Q

passive immunity

A

when antibodies are transferred or donated from one person to another, protection is short lived, does not generate B cells

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11
Q

immunomodulator

A

any drug or therapy that affects body defenses

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12
Q

vaccination

A

injection of a killed or weakened organism that produces immunity against that organism

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13
Q

booster

A

follow-up vaccination to provide sustained protection

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14
Q

titer

A

the amount of antibody detected after the vaccine has been administered, if below a specific level, booster is needed

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15
Q

attenuated

A

microbes are alive but weakened, unable to produce the disease

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16
Q

inactivated

A

microbes are unable to replicate or cause disease (dead)

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17
Q

toxoid

A

contains bacterial toxins that have been chemically modified to be incapable of causing disease

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18
Q

recombinant

A

contain partial viral subunits or bacterial proteins that are generated in a lab using biotechnology

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19
Q

vaccines adverse effects

A

discomfort and redness at site, aches, fever

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20
Q

vaccines contraindications

A

illness, pregnancy, immunocompromised clients shouldn’t receive live vaccines

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21
Q

cytokines

A

develop blood cells, would healing

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22
Q

interferon

A

interfere with the ability of viral infections to spread, enhance activity of leukocytes

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23
Q

interferon alfa-2b therapeutic class

A

immunostimulant

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24
Q

interferon alfa-2b pharmacologic class

A

interferon, biologic response modifier

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25
interferon alfa-2b indications
certain cancers (hairy cell leukemia, melanoma, non-hodgkins, kaposi's sarcoma), viral infections (HPV, chronic hepatitis b & c)
26
interferon alfa-2b MOA
suppresses cell proliferation, enhances phagocytic activity, augments cytotoxicity of lymphocytes for target cells, inhibits virus replication
27
interferon alfa-2b adverse effects
flu like symptoms, depression, suicidal ideation, hepatotoxicity, pancytopenia
28
interferon alfa-2b black box warning
may cause or aggravate life-threatening neuropsychiatric, autoimmune, ischemic and infectious disorders. discontinue if persisted t severe or worsening signs or symptoms
29
interferon alfa-2b nursing implications
give at night, may pre-medicate with acetaminophen, educate clients about adverse effects, avoid concurrent use with other sedating meds
30
immunosuppressants
suppress the immune system by affecting lymphocyte function
31
corticosteroids
often used for short term therapy/exacerbations: prednisone, methyprednisolone
32
antimetabolites
inhibits t-lymphocyte activation and proliferation: sirolimus, azathioprine
33
calcineurin inhibitors
thought to inhibit t-lymphocyte activation and proliferation: cyclosporine, tacrolimus
34
monoclonal antibodies
attack specific targets (t cell receptors): basiliximab, daclizumab, infliximab
35
immunosuppressant nursing implication
monitor for signs of infection, monitor for adverse effects, client education: stress importance of regular visits with provider
36
epoetin alfa (epogen)
stimulates RBCs
37
filgrastim (neupogen)
stimulates neutrophils
38
oprelvekin (neumega)
stimulates platelets
39
pathogen
organism that causes disease
40
bactericidal
kill bacteria
41
bacteriostatic
slow the growth of bacteria, allowing body's natural defenses to eliminate the organism
42
antibiotic resistance
mutation that develops during bacterial cell growth may increase it's ability to survive in harsher conditions, antibiotics used to cure the bacterial infection are ineffective
43
penicillin g potassium classification
penicillin
44
penicillin g potassium adverse effects
diarrhea, N/V, anaphylaxis, superinfection, pain at injection site
45
penicillin g potassium nursing implications
can be given IM or IV, may decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives, observe client for 20 mins after giving IM, allergy to one penicillin increases risk of allergy to others, may have cross sensitivity with cephalosporins
46
cefotaxime class
cephalosporin
47
cefotaxime adverse effects
Diarrhea, N/V, anaphylaxis, superinfection, pain at injection site
48
cefotaxime nursing implications
given IM or IV, avoid alcohol, take entire course of medication
49
tetracyline adverse effects
diarrhea, N/V, photosensitivity, superinfection
50
tetracyline nursing implications
decreases effectiveness of oral contraceptives, pregnancy category D, do not take with milk, do not use with children
51
azithromycin class
macrolide
52
azithromycin adverse effects
diarrhea, N/V, prolonged QT interval on ECG, increased liver enzyme
53
azithromycin nursing implications
may receive loading dose on day 1, long half, life, may improve compliance
54
aminoglycoside considerations
toxicity is a concern with this drug class, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, drug levels are often monitored
55
ciprofloxacin class
fluoroquinolone
56
ciprofloxacin adverse effects
diarrhea, N/V, headache, tendonitis/tendon negative
57
ciprofloxacin nursing implications
do not take with antacids, vitamins or minerals, increases anticoagulant effects of warfarin, avoid caffeine, may increase muscle weakness in those with myasthenia gravis
58
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole class
sulfonamide
59
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole adverse effects
N/V, hypersensitivity/allergy, stevens-johnson syndrome, hyperkalemia
60
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole nursing implications
use caution with preexisting renal disease, maintain adequate hydration to prevent crystalluria, increase anticoagulant effects with warfarin, when giving IV only infuse through D5W
61
vancomycin
glycopeptide, used with severe infection with gram positive organisms, c. Diff
62
linezolid
oxazolidinone
63
daptomycin
cycled lipopetide, serious skin and soft tissue infections
64
imipenem, meropenem
carbapenemas

Pharm 402 (9 decks)

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