Exam 2 part 2

Question 1

Compliance

Answer 1

Changes in behaviour that are elicited by direct requests

Question 2

Conformity

Answer 2

The tendency to change our perceptions, opinions or behaviour in ways t hat are consistent with group norms (Alternating our behaviour or opinion to match those of others)
-Fashion, music, body shape language etc.

Question 3

Auto-mimicry

Answer 3

One way our behaviour are influenced by others (unconcious) from mirror neurons and it is adaptive (When we are like others, things are more fluide)

Question 4

Sherif Study

Answer 4

Light on the wall
Ask them how the light is moving, tell wrong answers based on other people answers. Everyone end up with same result overtime

Question 5

Asch Study

Answer 5

Showed a line and need to say if it is as long as other ones. Judge the length
actor in the room. 75% Conform.

Question 6

Why do we conform:
Define
Informational Influence

Answer 6

We use people’s behaviour as indication/guides as how we should act (even violation)!
Some key points:
Not always visible, also influenced by the concequences of actions (garbage on the ground, ciggies)

Question 7

What can influence the level of conformative?

Answer 7

person (gender , culture, awareness)
We are social creature, just extremely powerful

Question 8

Persuasion dilemma describe

Answer 8

It is a good and bad thing as it can be seen to manipulate people.

Question 9

Normative influence

Answer 9

There is a pressure on us to be accepted by our tribe. We do what is expected from us
(think of the assignment)

Question 10

Would people go along a task or not, what influences us there
(Ambiguity, choice architecture)

Answer 10

Ambiguity = High degree of conformity
Choice Architecture: How the situation is set up. Organ donor for example.

Question 11

How people go along as a group, what does influence

Answer 11

Cohesiveness, when he group like each other, more likely to go along, if one person say no, conformity will go down.
Group size, higher number = more peeps

Question 12

Individualism

Answer 12

Cultural orientation in which independence and autonomy is valued over the group

Question 13

Informational influence

Answer 13

Influence that produce conformity when a person believes others are correct in their judgment

Question 14

Minority Influence

Answer 14

Process by hich dissenters produce change within a group

Question 15

Private conformity
vs
Public Conformity

Answer 15

Private: When someone changes their opinion, privately, and accept the position taken by others
Public is a superficial switch in behaviour to fit the group

Question 16

Social Impact Theory

Answer 16

Social impact of any source (such as a person, a group, or a message) on any target (such as another person, a group, or a behavior) depends on three factors: strength, immediacy, and number.

Strength refers to the importance, credibility, or attractiveness of the source.

Question 17

Factors influence Conformity:
Any rationale
Strange Request
Reciprocity

Answer 17

Any Rationale: Just give someone a reason!
Strange request, odd: I would like 1.30$ please
Do something nice for them in return “Ill give you a little something after dinner, candy at restaurant

Question 18

Factors that influence conformity
Social proof
Incentives
Low Balling

Answer 18

Norms on action of others” Everyone else does it”
Giving a reward: bonus, rebate for complying
Agreeing with incomplete info, then give the full demand

Question 19

Factors that influence conformity:
Foot in the door
Door in the face
Scarcity

Answer 19

Small request first, then bigger request “Can we put a llittle sign here, then big sign”
Ask for something large and unreasonable then down size to real request
LIMITED AMOUNT. Count down,

Question 20

Factors that influence conformity:
Goal Gradiant effect
Highlighting Autonomy
Fear

Answer 20

When you are near complition, so close: Punch card with 2 already marked
They are in control; “You decide”
Moderate fear is good and feeling like they are learning something = effective

Question 21

Factors that influence conformity: Implementation intention
Future lock-in

Answer 21

Goal setting, make a plan
No need to pay right now, but in 6 months yup (difficulty projecting in the future)

Question 22

Milgram Obedience research

Answer 22

Wth the buzzer with electricity being asked to electrocute the other person when giving wrong answer 65% when to the end

Question 23

Milgram Research, what also influence the person obedience

Answer 23

Slippery slope: Gradual escalation
Proximity and distance
Credible authority
Other model of disobedience
Sensitized: If you know about this research

Question 24

Some real example of obedience

Answer 24

Parents
Military
Institution
Reality tv
Hospital

Question 25

Social Media Engagement tool

Answer 25

Accessibility Stimulate People Senses Agency Intermittent reinforcement Trigger Emotions Fills up social needs

Question 26

Social Media Equation

Answer 26

Engagment , ad revenue = $$

Question 27

What is moral Outraged

Answer 27

Trigger us, maximum engagement. Whales (represent 5% of users)

Question 28

Positive impact of social media

Answer 28

Connecting with family and friends from far Powerful social connection Find your tribe\ Good for shy peeps too

Question 29

Negative Impact of social media

Answer 29

Time suck Social skills? We get inside our heads Social Comparison Moral Outraged Social Damage

Question 30

How do you resist social influence

Answer 30

Minority influence: Small group sometimes influence the large group with consistent and persistent message Critical thinking helps Reactance (rebelling): Motive to protect our integrity - sometimes you can use reverse psychology on this one Threatening Uniqueness. We want to be different Attitude inoculation: Strong attitude, More difficult to shake

Question 31

All developmental theories (what is that) agreed on 2 points

Answer 31

Focus on the dynamic, changeable nature of criminality. 1. Different factors at different stage of development influence werther individuals follow the criminal route or pro-social 2. Behaviour + psychological problems are are evident in childhood may influence socialisation process of a child

Question 32

Most developmental and life-course perspectives are drawn from longitudinal studies Common results among theories

Answer 32

Small portion of high-rate, chronic offenders account for a large portion of crime committed 2. Age-crime curve 3. Onset of antisocial behavior is strongly related to duration and seriousness of later criminal activity

Question 33

What are the limitations of develpmental studies

Answer 33

They focus on boys

Question 34

Explain Patterson's Coercion Theory

Answer 34

1. Antisocial behaviour follows two distinct trajectories: Early Onset and late Onset 2. The timing of the developmental onset of delinquency is strongly related to the severity and stability of antisocial behaviour over the life-course 3. Early childhood Is a critical period 4. Boys who display ASB at a young age are distinct from late-onset and are the greatest risk of chronic Anti-social Behaviour Early onset is more likely to be arrested or police contact by the age of 14

Question 35

What is the role of family and effective parenting in the Patterson's Coercion Theory

Answer 35

Family is important – specifically parent-child interaction Family is a prominent learning environment where socialization begins Parents are responsible to teach children communication skills, manners, and cooperative behaviors Effective parenting: Supervision Discipline Healthy Family Interactions This lead to prosocial skills

Question 36

What is Coercive interactions

Answer 36

Coercive interactions refers to a dynamic where the aversive behaviour of one individual creates a similar response from the other individual. (Reacting to Anger by Anger) This often escalates into a pattern of dysfunctional behaviors towards one another Example: child throwing a temper tantrum Child might develop a pattern of using aversive tactics to solve issue later on.

Question 37

Moffitt's Theory (Developmental Taxonomy)

Answer 37

Use Patterson's idea of early and late onset to explore why late onset find. would get involved in crime as adolescents and desist from crime in early adulthood Delinquency follows two distinct pathways Pathways: Adolescence-limited (AL) and Life-course persistent (LCP) pathways

Question 38

Define and describe characteristic of LCP Offenders

Answer 38

1. Represent minority group 2. Demonstrate behavioural problems in early childhood 3. Increase in severity throughout the life- course 4. Although behaviours change over the life- course, problem behaviours are always present.

Question 39

Compare and contrast Family importance between Patterson and Moffits

Answer 39

Patterson mainly focuses on parenting, whereas Moffit argues the problem is larger than parenting Moffitt argues that prosocial skills are learned throughout the entire childhood and adolescence If a child does not learn them early on this will lead to negative feedback in school and neighborhood – will further decrease prosocial behaviors

Question 40

Define and describ AL (Adolenscence limited)

Answer 40

LCP more serious and pervasive, AL offenders make up the majority of all offenders(mental illness? Brain development issue?) - Seem to experience a willingness to engage in criminal behavior during their teens – doesn’t last long and ebbs of in their early to mid- twenties - AL do not experience the same behavioural and mental health problems in early childhood - Not common early childhood temperaments, hyperactivity and attentional problems - AL offenders tend to have a more stable family life More, about rebellion than chronic criminality Crave Social Status which changes in adulthood

Question 41

Cristism about Moffits theory

Answer 41

Argued that all offenders can eventually persist from engaging in crime Reliance on early childhood factors to predict long term behaviour is problematic Laub and Sampson introduced the concept of Structural Turning Points

Question 42

Third Theory: Aged-Graded Theory and Informal Social Control

Answer 42

Psychological theories often neglect the fact that humans can change. In that sense, Laub and Sampson theory is distinct from other theories. L & S agree with Patterson and Moffitt that individuals differ. Some individuals are more impulsive and tempered than others and are more likely to place themselves in troublesome situations or environments.