Exam 2: Sensory Part 2

Question 1

What name the sense associated with the sensory receptor:
Merkel disks

Answer 1

touch

Question 2

What name the sense associated with the sensory receptor:
Krause end bulbs

Answer 2

touch

Question 3

What name the sense associated with the sensory receptor:
Meissner corpuscles

Answer 3

touch

Question 4

What name the sense associated with the sensory receptor:
root hair plexus

Answer 4

touch

Question 5

What name the sense associated with the sensory receptor:
Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 5

pressure

Question 6

What name the sense associated with the sensory receptor:
Ruffini endings

Answer 6

pressure

Question 7

What name the sense associated with the sensory receptor:
free nerve endings

Answer 7

heat/cold/pain

Question 8

Name the taste structure based on the description:
visible bumps on the tongue

Answer 8

taste bud

Question 9

Name the taste structure based on the description:
they open at a taste pore and consist of supporting cells and taste cells; the taste cells contain microvilli

Answer 9

papillae

Question 10

Name the taste structure based on the description:
when molecules bind to these, electrochemical messages are sent to the gustatory (taste) cortex in the parietal lobe, where they are interpreted as particular tastes

Answer 10

receptors on microvilli

Question 11

the part of olfactory cells that odor molecules bind

Answer 11

receptors on the cilia

Question 12

this carries electrochemical messages to the olfactory cortex in the temporal lobe (awareness of the smell), frontal lobe (identification of the smell), and to the limbic system’s centers for emotion and memory

Answer 12

Olfactory bulb / tract

Question 13

the white, outer layer that supports and protects the eye

Answer 13

sclera

Question 14

the clear part of the sclera that refracts light rays

Answer 14

cornea

Question 15

the middle layer; its dark pigment absorbs light that photoreceptors have not absorbed

Answer 15

choroid

Question 16

the colorful part that regulates the size of the pupil to regulate light entrance

Answer 16

iris

Question 17

the hole through which light enters the eye

Answer 17

pupil

Question 18

to view a distant object, this must relax and the lens flatten; to view a near object, this must contract and the lens become round and thick (bulge)

Answer 18

ciliary body

Question 19

attach the ciliary muscle to the lens, hold the lens in place, and control the shape of the lens for focusing

Answer 19

suspensory ligaments

Question 20

this refracts and focuses light rays and divides the eye into two compartments

Answer 20

lense

Question 21

the compartment in front of the lens that is filled with a clear, watery fluid called the aqueous humor that is continually produced and drained by tiny ducts

Answer 21

anterior compartment

Question 22

this compartment is filled with vitreous humor that holds the retina in place

Answer 22

posterior compartment

Question 23

this is the third layer of the eye and contains rods and cones

Answer 23

retina

Question 24

these photoreceptors are very sensitive to light and let us see in grayscale

Answer 24

rods

Question 25

these photoreceptors make color vision possible

Answer 25

cones

Question 26

this part of the retina has a lot of cone cells and is where the object needs to be focused on

Answer 26

fovea centralis

Question 27

sends electrochemical messages from the rods and cones to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe

Answer 27

optic nerve

Question 28

this part of the retina does not contain rods or cones and is where the optic nerve exits the eye (so you can’t see this part)

Answer 28

blind spot

Question 29

this has an X shape and is formed by the crossing-over of optic nerve fibers (axons)

Answer 29

optic chiasm

Question 30

the visible part of the ear that collects sound waves

Answer 30

Auricle / Pinna

Question 31

this is lined with hairs and modified sweat glands that secrete earwax to trap debris

Answer 31

Auditory Canal

Question 32

sound waves cause this to vibrate; also called the eardrum

Answer 32

Tympanic Membrane

Question 33

vibrations of the eardrum cause this ossicle to vibrate; also called the hammer

Answer 33

Malleus

Question 34

vibrations of the malleus cause this ossicle to vibrate; also called the anvil

Answer 34

Incus

Question 35

this collides with the oval window, causing it to vibrate, which then passes the pressure to the fluid within the inner ear; also called the stirrup

Answer 35

Stapes

Question 36

snail-shaped and contains the sense organ for hearing

Answer 36

Cochlea

Question 37

this is the sense organ for hearing and is located in the cochlea; also called the spiral organ

Answer 37

Corti

Question 38

the basilar membrane moves up and down, which causes this part of the hair cells within the tectorial membrane to bend and electrochemical messages to be generated

Answer 38

Stereocilia

Question 39

this sends electrochemical messages to the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe, where they are interpreted as sound

Answer 39

Cochlear Nerve

Question 40

connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx and allows air pressure to equalize across the tympanic membrane; also called the eustachian or pharyngotympanic tube

Answer 40

Auditory Tube

Question 41

responds to chemicals for tasting, smelling, etc.

Answer 41

Chemoreceptor

Question 42

a type of chemoreceptor that respond to chemicals released by damaged tissues to alert us of danger

Answer 42

Nociceptor

Question 43

responds to light

Answer 43

Photoreceptor

Question 44

stimulated by mechanical forces for hearing, balance, touch, and blood pressure

Answer 44

Mechanoreceptor

Question 45

mechanoreceptor involved in reflex actions that maintain muscle tone, equilibrium, and posture

Answer 45

Proprioceptor

Question 46

stimulated by changes in temperature

Answer 46

Thermoreceptors

Question 47

sensory receptors that detect stimuli from outside the body (taste, smell, vision, hearing, and equilibrium)

Answer 47

Exteroceptors

Question 48

sensory receptors that receive stimuli from inside the body

Answer 48

Interoceptors

Question 49

Sensory adaptation is a ___ in response to a stimulus over time.

Answer 49

decrease