Exam 2: Musculoskeletal System Lab Part 2

Question 1

Tendons attach __ to bone
Ligaments attach __ to bone

Answer 1

Tendons attach muscle to bone
Ligaments attach bone to bone

Question 2

Socket of the hip joint

Answer 2

acetabulum

Question 3

Ball of hip joint

Answer 3

head of femur

Question 4

For the elbow:
the __ is the projection
the __ is the depression

Answer 4

Olecranon process
Olecranon depression

Question 5

Name the muscle associated with the action:

move your arms toward your midline (adduction)

Answer 5

latissimus dorsi

Question 6

Name the muscle associated with the action:

Bicep curl (flexion)

Answer 6

biceps brachii

Question 7

Name the muscle associated with the action:

move your fist from your shoulder down to your side

Answer 7

triceps brachii

Question 8

Name the muscle associated with the action:

extend your fingers in a stop position

Answer 8

extensor digitorum

Question 9

Name the muscle associated with the action: (there are 3 for this one)

kick your own butt

Answer 9

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

Question 10

Name the muscles associated with the action: (there are 4 for this one)

kick a ball

Answer 10

vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis
rectus femoris

Question 11

Name the muscle associated with the action:

point your toes up (dorsiflexion)

Answer 11

tibialis anterior

Question 12

Name the muscle associated with the action:

point your toes down (plantar flexion)

Answer 12

gastrocnemius

Question 13

Name the muscle associated with the action:

winking

Answer 13

orbicularis oculi

Question 14

Name the muscle associated with the action:

smiling

Answer 14

zygomaticus muscle group

Question 15

Name the muscle associated with the action:

whistling

Answer 15

orbicularis oris

Question 16

Name the muscle associated with the action:

eating

Answer 16

masseter

Question 17

Name the muscle associated with the action:

lifting something

Answer 17

pectoralis major

Question 18

Name the muscle associated with the action:

sit-ups

Answer 18

rectus abdominus

Question 19

Name the muscle associated with the action:

moving your arms laterally away from your midline (t-posing) (abduction)

Answer 19

deltoid

Question 20

a sarcomere contracts as the __ heads bind __ and pull __ to the middle of the sarcomere (M-line)

Answer 20

myosin
actin
actin

Question 21

__ ions enter the synaptic end bulb of the axon.

Answer 21

calcium

Question 22

Action potentials (resulting from Na+ entering the axon) travel down the __________ of a neuron.

Answer 22

axon

Question 23

Via__________ , acetylcholine is released from the synaptic end bulb into the synaptic cleft.

Answer 23

exocytosis

Question 24

__________ diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds receptors on the __________ (the squiggly part of the sarcolemma – the plasma membrane of the muscle cell), which allows __________ channels to open

Answer 24

acetylcholine molecules
motor end plate
sodium

Question 25

e) Action potentials travel along the __________ and T-tubules.

Answer 25

sarcolemma

Question 26

f) The terminal cisternae and __________ (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) release __________ ions into the sarcoplasm.

Answer 26

sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium

Question 27

g) Calcium binds troponin, and troponin moves __________ off the myosin-binding sites on actin.

Answer 27

tropomyosin

Question 28

h) Myosin binds (forms __________ with) actin and does a__________, which causes the __________ to shorten.

Answer 28

cross-bridge power stroke sacromere

Question 29

i) What neuron is the synaptic end bulb a part of?

Answer 29

motor neuron

Question 30

j) What cell is the motor end plate a part of?

Answer 30

muscle cell

Question 31

k) What is the space between the two cells (your answers above) called?

Answer 31

synaptic cleft

Question 32

l) The two cells and the space make up the _______________ junction.

Answer 32

neuromuscular

Question 33

m) What transport process releases the neurotransmitter from the synaptic end bulb?

Answer 33

action potential

Question 34

n) A motor neuron uses this neurotransmitter to communicate with a muscle cell.

Answer 34

acethylocholine

Question 35

o) What is a muscle cell’s plasma membrane called?

Answer 35

sarcolemma

Question 36

p) What is a muscle cell’s smooth ER called? What is its function?

Answer 36

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 37

q) What protein does calcium bind?

Answer 37

storing and releasing calcium ions

Question 38

r) What protein covers the myosin-binding sites on actin?

Answer 38

tropomyosin

Question 39

s) What is a cross-bridge?

Answer 39

the binding of the myosin head to actin

Question 40

t) Describe what happens during the power stroke.

Answer 40

pulling of actin toward the m-line

Question 41

What causes myasthenia gravis?

Answer 41

Abnormal enlargement or tumor of thymus gland

Question 42

What causes multiple sclerosis?

Answer 42

Body’s immune system mistakenly attacks myelin sheath of the nerve cells.