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Anatomy > Exam 2 Thoracic wall, pleural cavity and lungs > Flashcards

Exam 2 Thoracic wall, pleural cavity and lungs Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

what are the 3 parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium (superior)
Body
Xiphoid porcess (inferior)

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2
Q

What attaches to the sternum

A

clavicle
Costal cartilage (chondral attachments)

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3
Q

Which ribs are true ribs are there and what does that mean

A

1-7 are true ribs, they have their own costal caritlage

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4
Q

Which ribs are false ribs are there and what does that mean

A

8-10 are false ribs, indirect attachment to sternum

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5
Q

Which ribs are floating ribs and what does that mean

A

11,12, no sternal attachment

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6
Q

Midlines on the thorax

A

Midsternal line (middle of sternum)
Parasternal line (edge of sternum)
Midclavicular line (middle of clavicle)

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7
Q

what are the spaced between the 1st rib and the clavicle called

A

Supraclavicular space
Infraclavicular spade

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8
Q

Joint from sternal end of rib with lateral end of costal cartilage. What type?

A

Costochondral joint
Cartilaginous (synchondrosis) joint

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9
Q

What is the costalchondral joint strengthened by

A

Periosteum surrounding bone and cartilage

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10
Q

Joint from costal cartilages with sternum
(what types)?

A

Sternocostal joints
Cartilaginous joint (1st rib)
Syonvial plane (ribs 2-7)

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11
Q

What is the sternocostal joint strengthened by

A

radiate sternocostal ligaments

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12
Q

What condition is often confused as a heart attack and how to tell the difference

A

Costochondritis
Pressing on sternal wall will increase pain with this and won’t with a heart attack

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13
Q

What joint is the head of rib with costal facets of vertebrae

A

Costovertebral joint (plane gliding joints)

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14
Q

What joint is the tubercle of rib with transverse process of vertebrae

A

Costotransverse joint (plane/gliding joint)

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15
Q

What strengthens the costovertebral and costotransverse joints

A

Raidate ligaments

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16
Q

What does movement of ribs 1-6 do during respiration

A

Moved the sternum superiorly and anteriorly
Increases in the anteroposterior dimension

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17
Q

What does the the movement of ribs 7-10 do during respiration

A

Because they are lower than the sternal or vertebral ends, they allow for movement of the rib shaft laterally

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18
Q

What is the principal muscle of inspiration

A

Diaphram

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19
Q

What innervates the diaphram and what provides blood

A

Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
Superior and inferior phrenic and musculophrenic artery

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20
Q

Origins and insertion of diaphram

A

Origin
Costal part - inferior border of ribs (7-12)
Lumbar part - vertebral bodies of L1-L3
Sternal part - posterior surface of xiphoid process

Insertion
Central tendon of diaphram

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21
Q

What are the 3 openings of the diaphram

A

Caval Opening
Esophageal Hiatus
Aortic Hiatus

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22
Q

What passes through the caval opening

A

Inferior vena cava
Phrenic nerve branches

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23
Q

What passes through the esophageal hiatus

A

Esophagus, Vagal trunks

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24
Q

What passes through the aoric hiatus

A

Descending aorta
Thoracic Duct

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25
External intercostal muscles O I Inn B.S Action
O - Inferior border of ribs I - Superior border of rib (fibers move in inferomedial direction) Inn - intercostal nerves B.S - Intercostal arteries Action - Elevates the ribs during forced inspiration
26
Internal intercostal muscles O - I - Inn - B.S - Action -
O - Superior border of inferior rib I - Inferior border of superior rib (fibers run anterior and superior) Inn - Intercostal nerve B.S - Intercostal artery Action - Depress rib during forced expiration
27
Innermost intercostal muscles O - I - Inn - B.S - Action -
O - Superior border of inferior rib I - Inferior border of superior rib Inn - Intercostal nerve B.S - Intercostal artery Action - Depress ribs during forced expiration
28
Serratus posterior - superior O - I - Inn - B.S - Action -
O - Nuchal ligament - spinal processes of C7-T2 I - Superior border of ribs 2-5 Inn - Intercostal nerves B.S - Posterior intercostal arteries Action - Proprioception during inspiration
29
Serratus posterior - inferior O - I - Inn - B.S - Action -
O - Spinous processes of T11-L2 I - Inferior border of ribs 9-12 Inn - Intercostal nerves B.S - Posterior intercostal arteries Action - Proprioception during expiration
30
Where do the external intercostals start and end
Start at vertebrae and end at costalchondral joints Becomes external intercostal membrane up to the sternum
31
Where doe the internal intercostals start and end
Start at sternum and end before vertebrae Becomes innermost intercostal muscle then internal intercostal membrane membrane after that
32
Subcostal muscle O - I - Inn - B.S - Action -
O - Internal surface of lower ribs I - Superior border of ribs 2-3 inferior to origin Inn - Intercostal nerves (2-6) B.S - Posterior intercostal, musculophrenic arteries Action - Depress ribs during forced expiration, Provides support for thoracic cage during respiration
33
Transverse Thoracis O - I - Inn - B.S - Action -
O - Posterior sternum body and xiphoid process, costal cartilages 4-7 I - Posterior surface of costal cartilages 2-5 Inn - Intercostal nerves B.S - Branches of internal thoracic arteries Action - Depress ribs during forced expiration
34
Levatores Costarum O - I - Inn - B.S - Action -
O - C7-T11transverse processes I - Costal angle of next lower or adjacent rib Inn - Dorsal Rami C8-T11 B.S - Posterior intercostal arteries Action - Elevate ribs during forced inspiration, contribute to rotation of thoracic spine
35
Muscles of inspiration (quiet breathing)
Diaphragm, external intercostals
36
Muscles of expiration (quiet breathing)
passive recoil of lungs and internal intercostal muscles
37
Muscles of inspiration (accessory muscles)
Sternocleidomastoid Scalene muscles Levatores costarum
38
Muscles of expiration (accessory muscles)
Abdominal muscles Subcostal muscles Transverse thoracis
39
Ventral rami of spinal nerve T1-T11 form what
Intercostal nerves Supply the thoracic wall
40
Ventral rami of spinal never T12 makes what
Subcostal nerve
41
What doe the doral rami of T1-T2 do
Supply joints, back muscles and skin in the thoracic region
42
What forms the dermatomes in the thorax
Posterior ramus and cutaneous branches of anterior ramus in T1-T12
43
Connect intercostal nerve to the sympathetic trunk
Rami comunicantes
44
Dermatome distributed skin lesion Occurs when the varicella zoster virus is reactivated
Shingles
45
What arteries are in intercostal spaces of 1-6 and what do they branch from
Posterior intercostal artery (Branch from aorta) Anterior intercostal (branch from internal thoracic artery)W
46
What arteries are in intercostal spaces of 7-9 and what do they branch from
Posterior intercostal artery (branch from aorta) Musculophrenic artery (division from internal thoracic artery)
47
Intercostal artery of rib 12 and where does it branch from
Subcostal artery (branch of thoracic aorta)
48
Where do the anterior intercostal veins drain into
Internal thoracic veins
49
Where do the posterior intercostal veins drain into
Azygos vein (R side) Hemiazygous and accessory hemiazygous veins (L side)
50
lining attached to thoracic cage from ribs
Parietal pleura
51
Lining attached to lungs
Visceral pleura
52
Space inbetween the parietal and visceral pleura
Pleural space (filled with serous fluid)
53
Spaces that give you a little extra space when breathing
Costomediastinal recess (space on L side inbetween lung and heart Costodiaphragmatic recess (Between rib 6-8 anteriorly and rib 10-12 posteriorly)
54
How long does the trachea run
From C6-T4/5
55
What is the division that divides the trachea into left and right primary bronchi
Carina
56
3 divisions of the bronchi
Primary (2) Secondary (5) Segmental
57
How many secondary bronchi does the L lung have
2 (the heart is more on this side)
58
How many secondary bronchi does the R lung have
3 (the heart is not on this side)
59
FIssures on the R lung
Oblique (primary) Horizontal (transverse or secondary) Fissures
60
Fissures on the L lung
Oblique ( primary) fissure
61
What kind of blood does the pulmonary artery carry
Deoxigenated blood
62
What kind of blood does the pulmonary vein carry
Oxigenated blood
63
What vessels can you find on the mediastinal surface of the lung
Bronchus Pulmonary artery and vein Bronchial artery
64
What carries blood to lungs branches to lobar arteries
Pulmonary artery
65
These return blood from the lungs to the heart
Pulmonary veins
66
Supply foot of the lungs, tissues of lungs and visceral pleura (branch of the aorta)
Bronchial arteries
67
Located posterior to carina Main innervation of lungs
Posterior pulmonary plexus
68
What are the 2 types of pulmonary collapse (collapsed lung)
Open Pneumothorax Tension Pneumothorax

Anatomy (8 decks)

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