Popliteal Region and the Knee joint

Question 1

What are the boundaries of the popliteal reagion

Answer 1

Superomedial - semi-membranosus
Superolateral - Biceps femoris
Inferomeidal - medial head of gastrocnemius
Inferolateral - lateral head of gastrocnemius

Question 2

Contents of poplitleal region

Answer 2

Popliteal artery and vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve
Lymphatics
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Small saphenous vein

Question 3

What is the space located between the two attachments of adductor magnus

Answer 3

Adductor hiatus

Question 4

These provide collateral circulation to the knee joint

Answer 4

Genicular branches of popliteal artery

Question 5

What is the largest sesamoid in the body

Answer 5

patella

Question 6

what kind of joint is the tibiofemoral joint

Answer 6

hinge joint

Question 7

Serves as a pulley to increase the angle of the quadriceps muscles

Answer 7

patellofemoral joint

Question 8

What does a sunrise xray view of the patella look like

Answer 8

A superior view where you can easily see the cartilage in between the patella and the femur

Question 9

Anterior extrinsic ligaments of the knee

Answer 9

Patellar ligament
Patellar retinaculum (medial and lateral)

Question 10

Medial and lateral extrinsic ligaments of the knee

Answer 10

Medial collateral ligament
Lateral collateral ligament

Question 11

Posterior extrinsic ligaments of the knee

Answer 11

Oblique popliteal ligament
Arcuate popliteal ligament
(help stabilize during hyperextension)

Question 12

Strong, flat ligament connecting the lower margin of the patella with the tuberosity of the tibia

Answer 12

patellar ligament

Question 13

Ligament that is firmly attached to the medial meniscus and serves to check extension and to prevent motion laterally (valgus forces)

Answer 13

MCL

Question 14

Ligament attached to back of lateral epidcondyle and the lateral surface of the head of the fibula. Checks extension and prevents motion medially (varus forces)

Answer 14

LCL

Question 15

Is the MCL anchored to the medial meniscus

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

Is the LCL anchored to the lateral meniscus

Answer 16

No

Question 17

Ligament that prevents anterior translation of tibia and attaches from the anterior tibial plateau to medial side of lateral condyle of the femur

Answer 17

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Question 18

Ligament that prevents posterior tranlsation of tibia and attaches from the posterior tibial plateau to lateral side of meidal condyle of femur

Answer 18

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Question 19

Is the ACL or PCL stronger

Answer 19

PCL

Question 20

C - shaped
Well anchored on tibia
Attached to medial collateral ligament

Answer 20

Medial Meniscus

Question 21

More of a complete ring
Not well anchored (can get probe under this)
More mobile during flextion/extension

Answer 21

Lateral meniscus

Question 22

What ligament connects the medial and lateral menisci

Answer 22

Transverse ligament

Question 23

Broad flat ligament covering the back of the knee joint, protects against hyperextension, attached from upper margin of the intercondyloid fossa and posterior surface of the femur and below to the posterior margin of the head of the tibia

Answer 23

Oblique popliteal ligament

Question 24

Small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between moving parts in joints

Answer 24

Bursae

Question 25

Bursae sacks in the knee joint

Answer 25

Suprapatellar Deep infrapatellar Infrapatellar Subpopliteal

Question 26

Genu varum (bowlegs) casues what

Answer 26

medial wear and a varus deformity

Question 27

Genu Valgum (knock-knee) causes what

Answer 27

Lateral wear and valgus deformity

Question 28

What causes a meniscus tear

Answer 28

excessive rotation force, compression or trauma

Question 29

What is injured in the terible, unhappy or O'donoghue triad injury

Answer 29

ACL, MCL, medial meniscus

Question 30

What motion can cause a terrible triad injury

Answer 30

Rotation and anteror translation of tibia

Question 31

Patterns of meniscal tears

Answer 31

Peripheral Bucket-hanlde Flap tear of anterior horn Radial tear of posterior horn

Question 32

Tests you can run to test for ACL and PCL tears

Answer 32

Anterior drawer, lachmans test (ACL) Posterior drawer (PCL)

Question 33

For an ACL repair, what kinds of grafts can you use

Answer 33

Achilles tendon Hamstring tendon Patellar tendon

Question 34

What kind of forces can cause an MCL tear

Answer 34

Valgus forces (lateral forces)

Question 35

What kind of forces can cause a LCL tear

Answer 35

Varus forces (medial forces)

Question 36

When would a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) be needed

Answer 36

Excessive joint wear and damage, loss of joint space, and pain

Question 37

Degenerative knee joint disease, is typically the result of wear and tear and progressive loss of articular cartilage, most common in elderly

Answer 37

Osteoarthritis of the knee

Question 38

Small, fluid filled bump that forms on the back of the knee

Answer 38

Bakers cyst