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Kine 374 > Exam 2: Upper Extremities > Flashcards

Exam 2: Upper Extremities Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Functions of the Shoulder Girdle

A

Reduces and amplifies forces

Increases shoulder complex ROM

Positions the upper extremity in acceptable/optimal alignment for tasks

Steadies the proximal aspect of the upper extremity

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2
Q

Arthrology (Joints) of the Shoulder Girdle

A

Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint

Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint

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3
Q

Upper Trapezius

A

Origin: Occipital bone & the spinous processes of C vertebrae via nuchal ligament

Insertion: Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

Actions: Contralateral rotation, Scapula Elevation, Scapula Upward Rotation

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4
Q

Middle Trapezius

A

Origin: Aponeurosis at the T1-4 spinous processes

Insertion: Acromion process& Superior Crest of the Scapular Spine

Actions: Scapula Retraction

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5
Q

Lower Trapezius

A

Origin: T5-12 spinous processes

Insertion: Medial Scapular Spine

Actions: Scapula Depression, Scapula Upward Rotation

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6
Q

Levator Scapula

A

Origin: Transverse processes of C1-4

Insertion: Superior angle of the scapula

Actions: Ipsilateral Cervical Rotation, Scapula Elevation, Retraction, Downward Rotation

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7
Q

Rhomboid Minor

A

Origin: Spinous processes of C6 & 7

Insertion: Medial border of the scapula

Actions: Scapula Elevation, Retraction, Downward Rotation, Stabilization

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8
Q

Rhomboid Major

A

Origin: Spinous processes of T1-4

Insertion: Medial border of the scapula

Actions: Scapula Elevation, Retraction, Downward Rotation, Stabilization

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9
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Origin: Ribs 1-9

Insertion: Costal and Dorsal surfaces of the superior scapular angle, along the costal surface of the medial scapular border, and along the costal and dorsal surfaces of the inferior angle

Actions: Scapula Upward Rotation & Protraction

Innervation: Long Thoracic Nerve

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10
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Origin: Ribs 3-5

Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula

Actions: Scapular Depression, Protraction, & Downward Rotation

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11
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Origin:
Vertebral Part: Spinous processes of T7-12, thoracolumbar fascia of all lumbar spinous processes and the sacrum
Iliac Part: Posterior 1/3 of the iliac crest
Costal Part: Ribs 9-12
Scapular Part: Inferior angle of the scapula

Insertion: Floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Actions: Internal Rotation, Adduction, Shoulder Extension

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12
Q

Teres Major

A

“The lat’s little helper”
Origin: Inferior angle of the scapula

Insertion: Crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus

Actions: Internal Rotation, Adduction, Shoulder Extension

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13
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin:
Clavicular Part: Medial 1/2 of the clavicle
Sternocostal Part: Sternum and costal cartilages 2-6
Abdominal Part: Anterior layer of the rectus sheath

Insertion: Crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Actions: Adduction, internal rotation, flexion (clavicular and sternocostal parts), and assists respiration

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14
Q

Clavicular/Anterior Deltoid

A

Origin: Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Actions: Shoulder Flexion, Internal Rotation, Adduction, Horizontal Adduction

Innervation: C5

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15
Q

Acromial/Lateral Deltoid

A

Origin: Acromion Process of the scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Actions: Abduction

Innervation: C5

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16
Q

Spinal/Posterior Deltoid

A

Origin: Scapular Spine

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Actions: Extension, External Rotation, Adduction

Innervation: C5

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17
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion: In line with the crest of the lesser tubercle on the humerus

Actions: Shoulder Flexion, Adduction, Internal Rotation

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18
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Origin:
- Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
- Medial Head: Posterior surface of the humerus, distal to the radial groove, and the medial intermuscular septum
- Lateral Head: Posterior surface of the humerus, proximal to the radial groove, and the lateral intermuscular septum

Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna

Actions: Elbow Extension, shoulder extension, shoulder adduction

Innervation: Radial Nerve (C7)

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19
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles

A

Posterior:
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor

Anterior:
Subscapularis

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20
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus

Action: Abduction

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21
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus

Actions: External Rotation & Horizonal Abduction

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22
Q

Teres Minor

A

Origin: Lateral border of the scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus

Actions: External Rotation, Weak Adduction, Horizontal Abduction

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23
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin: Subscapular fossa of the scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Actions: Internal Rotation & Weak Adduction

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24
Q

Arthrology of the Elbow

A

Humeroulnar Joint

Humeroradial Joint

Proximal Radioulnar Joint

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25
Annular Ligament of the Radioulnar Joint
A ligament that encircles and holds the head of the radius against the ulna
26
Ulnar Collateral Ligament
Runs between the medial epicondyle of the humerus and ulna. Resists valgus stress
27
Radial Collateral Ligament
Runs between the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the annular ligament of the radius. Resists varus stress
28
Biceps Brachii
Origin: - Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula - Short Head: Coracoid process of the scapula Insertion: Radial tuberosity and antebrachial fascia via bicipital aponeurosis Actions: Elbow Joint flexion & supination, Shoulder joint flexion Innervation: C6
29
Brachialis
Origin: Distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus, also the medial and lateral intermuscular septa Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity Action: Elbow joint flexion Deep to the Biceps Brachii
30
Brachioradialis
Origin: Lateral surface of the distal humerus, lateral intermuscular septum Insertion: Styloid process of the radius Actions: Elbow joint flexion, Forearm semipronation
31
Pronator Teres
Origin: - Humeral Head: Medial Epicondyle of the humerus - Ulnar Head: Coronoid process of the ulna Insertion: Lateral surface of the radius Actions: Elbow joint weak flexion, Forearm pronation
32
Pronator Quadratus
Origin: Distal 1/4 of the anterior surface of the ulna Insertion: Distal 1/4 of the anterior surface of the radius Actions: Pronation, distal radioulnar stabilization
33
Supinator
Origin: Olecranon of the ulna, lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament Insertion: Between the radial tuberosity and insertion of the pronator teres Action: Radioulnar supination
34
Triceps Brachii
Origin: - Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula - Medial Head: Posterior surface of the humerus, distal to the radial groove, and the medial intermuscular septum - Lateral Head: Posterior surface of the humerus, proximal to the radial groove, and the lateral intermuscular septum Insertion: Olecranon of the ulna Actions: Elbow joint extension, Shoulder joint extension and adduction Innervation: Radial Nerve (C7)
35
Starting at the first row of carpals on the palmar and radial aspect of the hand and working toward the ulna, what are the names of each carpal bone?
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
36
Flexor Retinaculum
A ligamentous/connective tissue structure that helps to restrain the tendons of the long flexors of the digits Carpal Tunnel Syndrome typically leads to a partial removal of this tissue
37
Palmar Aponeurosis
A layer of connective tissue atop the tendons and muscles of the palmar aspect of the hand. Its purpose is to provide attachment for overlying skin and to protect the underlying tendons
38
Extrinsic Anterior Forearm Muscles
Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Palmaris Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Digitorum Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus
39
Extrinsic Posterior Forearm Muscles
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digitorum Extensor Indicis Extensor Pollicis Longus Abductor Pollicis Longus
40
Which Muscles Attach to the Common Extensor Tendon/Lateral Epicondyle?
Extensor Digitorum Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
41
Which Muscles Attach to the Common Flexor Tendon/Medial Epicondyle
Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Palmaris Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
42
Intrinsic Forearm Muscles (10)
Flexor Pollicis Brevis Abductor Pollicis Brevis Adductor Pollicis Opponens Pollicis Abductor Digiti Minimi Opponens Digiti Minimi Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Dorsal Interossei Palmar Interossei Lumbricals
43
Lumbricals
4 muscles Proximal Attachment: Flexor Digitorum Profundus Distal Attachment: Extensor Mechanism Actions: MP Joint Flexion & PIP/DIP Extension
44
Extensor Mechanism
Allows for anterior/palmar attachment between the MP and PIP joints for MP flexion while providing an anchor that wraps to the posterior/dorsal side for PIP and DIP extension
45
Palmar Interossei Adductor
Proximal Attachment: The sides of metacarpals 2, 4, & 5 Distal Attachment: Anterior Proximal Phalanx/Anterior Extensor Mechanism Actions: Adduction & Flexion of the MP Joint (PAD), PIP & DIP Extension
46
Dorsal Interossei Abduction
Proximal Attachment: The sides of metacarpals 2-5 Distal Attachment: Anterior Proximal Phalanx/Anterior Extensor Mechanism Actions: Abduction & Flexion of the MP Joint (DAB), PIP & DIP Extension
47
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Attachments: Medial Epicondyle & the Middle Phalanges of digits 2-5 Actions: Wrist Flexion, MCP & PIP Flexion
48
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Proximal Attachments: Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus, the Coronoid Process of the Ulna, and the Palmar Aspect of the Radial Shaft Distal Attachments: Distal Phalanges of digits 2-5 Actions: Wrist Flexion, MCP, PIP, & DIP Flexion
49
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Proximal Attachment: Medial Epicondyle Distal Attachments: Metacarpal 5, Hook of the Hamate, & the Pisiform Actions: Wrist Flexion, Ulnar Deviation
50
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Proximal Attachment: Midpoint of the Anterior Radius & its Interosseous Membrane Distal Attachment: Base of the Distal Phalanx of Digit 1 Actions: Wrist Flexion, Radial Deviation, CMC, & MCP Flexion of the Thumb
51
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Proximal Attachment: Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus Distal Attachment: Trapezium, Base of Metacarpal 2, & Metacarpal 3 Actions: Wrist Flexion, Radial Deviation
52
Palmaris Longus
Proximal Attachment: Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus Distal Attachment: Palmar Aponeurosis Actions: Wrist Flexion
53
Extensor Digitorum
Proximal Attachment: Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus Distal Attachment: Dorsal Aspect of the Extensor Mechanism Actions: Wrist Extension, MCP, PIP, & DIP Extension of Digits 2-5, Finger Abduction
54
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Proximal Attachment: Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus Distal Attachment: The Dorsal Base of Metacarpal 2 Actions: Wrist Extension, Radial Deviation
55
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Proximal Attachment: Lateral Epicondyle Distal Attachment: The Medial Base of Metacarpal 5 Actions: Wrist Extension, Ulnar Deviation
56
Extensor Indicis
Proximal Attachment: The Posterior Surface of the Ulna Distal Attachment: Dorsal Aspect of the Extensor Mechanism of Digit 2 Actions: Wrist Extension, MCP, DIP, & PIP Extension of Phalange 2
57
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Proximal Attachment: The Middle 1/3 of the Posterior Ulnar Surface Distal Attachment: The Dorsal Base of the Distal Phalanx of the Thumb Actions: Wrist Extension, Thumb Extension, Thumb Adduction, Radial Deviation
58
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Proximal Attachment: Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus Distal Attachment: The Extensor Mechanism of the 5th Proximal Phalange Actions: Wrist Extension, Ulnar Deviation, MCP, PIP, & DIP Extension of Digit 5, Finger Abduction
59
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Proximal Attachment: Posterior Proximal Radius, Ulna, and Interosseous Membrane Distal Attachment: Dorsal Base of 1st Metacarpal & the Trapezium Actions: Radial Deviation, Thumb Abduction
60
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Proximal Attachment: Distal 1/3 of the Posterior Radius & the Interosseous Membrane Distal Attachment: Dorsal Base of 1st Proximal Phalanx Actions: Radial Deviation, Thumb Extension
61
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Proximal Attachment: Pisiform Distal Attachment: Outer Border of the 5th Proximal Phalanx Actions: MCP Flexion of the 5th Phalange, Digit 5 Abduction
62
Flexor Digiti Minimi
Proximal Attachment: Hook of Hamate & Flexor Retinaculum Distal Attachment: Palmar Base of the 5th Proximal Phalanx Actions: Digit 5 Flexion
63
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Proximal Attachment: Palmar Aspect of the Trapezium, Trapezoid, & Capitate Distal Attachment: Palmar Base of the 1st Proximal Phalanx Actions: Thumb Flexion, Thumb Opposition
64
Adductor Pollicis
Proximal Attachment: Palmar Base of Metacarpals 2 & 3, Capitate Distal Attachment: Medial Base of the 1st Proximal Phalanx Actions: Thumb Flexion, Thumb Adduction, Thumb Opposition
65
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Proximal Attachment: Flexor Retinaculum, Scaphoid, & Trapezium Distal Attachment: Lateral Base of the 1st Proximal Phalanx Actions: Thumb Abduction
66
Opponens Pollicis
Proximal Attachment: Palmar Aspect of the Trapezium & the Flexor Retinaculum Distal Attachment: Radial Border of 1st Metacarpal Actions: Thumb Opposition
67
Opponens Digiti Minimi
Proximal Attachment: Palmar Aspect of the Hook of Hamate & Flexor Retinaculum Distal Attachment: Ulnar Aspect of the 5th Metacarpal Actions: Pinky Opposition
68
Precision Grips
Pinch & Key Grips Intrinsic Muscles are more likely to be agonists Requires Dexterity
69
Power Grips
Power & Hook Extrinsic Muscles are more likely to be agonists Lumbricals aren't highly active Tasks require high force or endurance
70
Pinch Grip Agonists
Agonists: Flexor Digitorum Profundus, Flexor Pollicis Brevis, Flexor Pollicis Longus, Adductor Pollicis, Opponens Pollicis
71
Key Grip
Agonists: DAB #1, Extensor Digitorum, Flexor Pollicis Brevis, Flexor Pollicis Longus, Adductor Pollicis
72
Power Grip
Agonists: All Finger Flexors & Adductor Pollicis
73
Hook Grip
Agonists: Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & All other finger flexors The thumb is not involved

Kine 374 (3 decks)

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