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Kine 374 > Exam 3: Lower Extremities > Flashcards

Exam 3: Lower Extremities Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Osteology of the Pelvic Girdle

A

Innominate Bones:
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

Sacrum

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2
Q

Arthrology of the Pelvic Girdle

A

Acetabulofemoral Joint: Ball & Socket

Pubic Symphysis: Cartilaginous/Fibrocartilaginous

Sacroiliac Joint: Combination Fibrous/Synovial

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3
Q

Ligaments of the Acetabulofemoral Joint

A

Iliofemoral: Ilium to Femur

Ischiofemoral: Ischium to Femur

Pubofemoral: Pubis to Femur

Ligamentum Teres: Center of the Acetabulum to the Center of the Femoral Head

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4
Q

Anterior/Posterior Pelvic Tilt

A

Anterior Pelvic Tilt: Butt sticks out (Beyonce)

Posterior Pelvic Tilt: Tucked Butt (Urkel)

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5
Q

Lateral Pelvic Tilt

A

Facing the same direction as the patient, like turning a steering wheel

Left Pelvic Tilt results in the right side rising and vice versa

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6
Q

Transverse Pelvic Tilt

A

Facing the same direction as the patient while looking from the top down

Like turning a steering wheel

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7
Q

Pelvic Tilt Coupling Pattern

A

Anterior Pelvic Tilt is coupled with Lumbar Extension

Posterior Pelvic Tilt is coupled with Lumbar Flexion

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8
Q

Iliacus

A

Superior Attachment: Posterior Internal Innominate Bones

Inferior Attachment: Proximal Anterior Medial Femur

Action: Hip Flexion

Innervation: L1, L2, Femoral Nerve

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9
Q

Psoas Major & Minor

A

Superior Attachment: Lateral Aspects of the T12-L5

Inferior Attachment: Proximal Anterior Medial Femur

Action: Hip Flexion

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10
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

Superior Attachment: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

Inferior Attachment: Anterior Tibia via Patellar Tendon

Actions: Hip Flexion, Knee Extension

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11
Q

Sartorius

A

Superior Attachment: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

Inferior Attachment: Posterior Medial Tibia

Actions: Hip Flexion, Abduction, & External Rotation, Knee Flexion & Internal Rotation

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12
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae

A

Superior Attachment: Anterior Iliac Crest

Inferior Attachment: IT Band Connective Tissue (Lateral Thigh)

Actions: Hip Flexion & Abduction

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13
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Superior Attachment: Posterolateral Sacrum & Coccyx, Gluteal Aspect of the Ilium

Inferior Attachment: Gluteal Tuberosity of the Femur & between layers of Fascia Lata

Actions: Hip Extension, Abduction, External Rotation, & Adduction

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14
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Superior Attachment: Outer Surface of the Ilium between Iliac Crest & Posterior Gluteal Line

Inferior Attachment: Lateral Aspect of the Greater Trochanter of the Femur

Actions: Hip Extension, Abduction, External Rotation (Flexion & Internal Rotation in some positions)

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15
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

Superior Attachment: Gluteal Surface of the Ilium between Anterior & Inferior Gluteal Lines

Inferior Attachment: Anterolateral aspect of the Greater Trochanter of the Femur

Actions: Hip Extension, Abduction, & External Rotation (Flexion & Internal Rotation in some positions)

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16
Q

Piriformis

A

Superior Attachment: Anterior Sacrum & Sacroiliac Joint

Inferior Attachment: Superior Aspect of the Greater Trochanter

Actions: Hip Extension, External Rotation, & Abduction

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17
Q

Gemellus Superior

A

Superior Attachment: Gluteal Surface of the Ischial Spine

Inferior Attachment: Medial Surface of the Greater Trochanter

Actions: External Rotation

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18
Q

Gemellus Inferior

A

Superior Attachment: Lateral Surface of the Ischial Tuberosity

Inferior Attachment: Greater Trochanter of the Femur

Actions: External Rotation

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19
Q

Obturator Internus

A

Superior Attachment: Inferior Margin of the Superior Pubic Ramus

Inferior Attachment: Greater Trochanter of the Femur

Actions: External Rotation

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20
Q

Obturator Externus

A

Superior Attachment: Rami of the Pubis & Ischium

Inferior Attachment: Greater Trochanter of the Femur

Actions: External Rotation & Adduction

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21
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

Superior Attachment: Superior Lateral Border of the Ischial Tuberosity

Inferior Attachment: Quadrate Tubercle of the Femur

Actions: External Rotation & Adduction

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22
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

Superior Attachments:
- Long Head: Posterior Inferior Ischial Tuberosity
- Short Head: Linea Aspera (Posterior Middle) of the Femur

Inferior Attachments: Lateral Head of the Fibula

Actions: Knee Flexion & External Rotation & the Long Head Extends the Hip

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23
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Superior Attachment: Ischial Tuberosity & Sacrotuberous Ligament

Inferior Attachment: Superior Medial Surface of the Tibia

Actions: Knee Flexion & Internal Rotation & Hip Extension

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24
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Superior Attachment: Ischial Tuberosity

Inferior Attachment: Medial condyle of the tibia

Actions: Knee Flexion & Internal Rotation & Hip Extension

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25
Pectineus
Superior Attachment: Pectineal Line of the Pubic Bone Inferior Attachment: Pectineal Line on the Posterior Femur (Inferior to the Lesser Trochanter) Actions: Hip Adduction & Flexion
26
Tibiofemoral Joint
Modified Hinge Joint Between the medial & lateral femoral condyles & the tibial plateau The screw home mechanism allows for transverse plane movement during the end of knee extension
27
Patellofemoral Joint
Glide-type Joint Between the patellar facets and patellar surface of the femur Functions: Increases leverage of Quadriceps Femoris & protects the Patellar Tendon
28
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
The primary restraint of anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur Resists tibiofemoral IR & Valgus forces (when the knee is flexed)
29
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
The primary restraint of posterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur
30
Collateral Ligaments
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL): Resists valgus forces Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL): Resists varus forces
31
Menisci
Medial & Lateral Menisci are crescent-shaped, semi-mobile "pads" that help to: Absorb & Distribute Loads Guide Motion Improve Synovial Fluid Flow Reduce Friction Improve Congruence of the Tibiofemoral Joint
32
Rectus Femoris
Superior Attachment: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine & Supraacetabular Groove Inferior Attachment: Patellar Base via Quadriceps Tendon Actions: Knee Extension & Hip Flexion Innervation: L3
33
Vastus Medialis
Superior Attachment: Medial Linea Aspera & Distal Intertrochanteric Line Inferior Attachment: Patellar Base via Quadriceps Tendon Actions: Knee Extension Innervation: L3
34
Vastus Lateralis
Superior Attachment: Lateral Linea Aspera & Lateral Greater Trochanter Inferior Attachment: Patellar Base via Quadriceps Tendon Actions: Knee Extension Innervation: L3
35
Vastus Intermedius
Superior Attachment: Anterior Femoral Shaft Inferior Attachment: Patellar Base via Quadriceps Tendon Actions: Knee Extension Innervation: L3
36
Popliteus
Superior Attachment: Lateral Surface of the Lateral Femoral Condyle & the Posterior Aspect of the Lateral Meniscus Inferior Attachment: Proximal Posterior Tibia Actions: Unlocking of the Screw Home Mechanism (Int. Rotation) & Knee Flexion
37
Plantaris
Superior Attachment: Inferior Aspect of the Lateral Supracondylar Ridge Inferior Attachment: Posterior Surface of the Calcaneus via Plantaris Tendon Actions: Knee Flexion & Plantarflexion
38
Gastrocnemius
Superior Attachment: Posterolateral surface of the Lateral Condyle & the Posterior surface of the Medial Condyle (Femur) Inferior Attachment: Posterior Surface of the Calcaneus via Calcaneal (Achilles) Tendon Actions: Knee Flexion, & Plantarflexion Innervation: S1 & S2
39
Gracilis
Superior Attachment: Medial Aspect of the Ischiopubic Ramus Inferior Attachment: Medial Tibia via Pes Anserinus Actions: Knee Flexion & Internal Rotation & Hip Adduction & Flexion
40
Tibiofibular Joints
Proximal: Glide-type Joint Distal: Syndesmosis (not Synovial) Functions: Dissipate twisting & bending forces of the lower leg & foot
41
Talocrural Joint
Between the Distal Tibia & Distal Fibula (mortise) & the Talus A Hinge-type Joint Only 1 DOF in the Sagittal Plane
42
Subtalar Joint
Mixed-type Synovial Joint Between the Talus & Calcaneus Only 1 DOF around an Oblique Axis The oblique axis allows for movement in all 3 planes Supination & Pronation
43
Which Subtalar Movements are associated with Supination
Inversion, Adduction, & Plantar Flexion
44
Which Subtalar Movements are associated with Pronation
Eversion, Abduction, & Dorsiflexion
45
Soleus
Superior Attachment: Posterior & Medial Tibia, Posterior Border & Head of the Fibula Inferior Attachment: Posterior Calcaneus via Calcaneal Tendon Actions: Plantarflexion Innervation: S1 & S2
46
Tibialis Anterior
Superior Attachment: Distal 1/3 of the Tibia Inferior Attachment: Medial Cuneiform & Base of Metatarsal 1 Actions: Dorsiflexion, Inversion, & Supination Innervation: L4
47
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Superior Attachment: Anterior 1/2 of the Fibula & Interosseous Membrane Inferior Attachment: Dorsal Base of the Distal Phalange of the Hallux Actions: Dorsiflexion, Eversion, & Pronation, Extension of Digit 1 Innervation: L5
48
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Superior Attachment: Anterior Lateral Condyle of the Tibia, Anterior Fibular Shaft, & Interosseous Membrane Inferior Attachment: Dorsal Surfaces of the Middle & Distal Phalanges of Digits 2-5 Actions: Dorsiflexion, Eversion, & Pronation, Extension of MP, PIP, & DIP of Digits 2-5
49
Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus
Superior Attachment: Superior & Lateral Surface of the Fibula & Lateral Tibial Condyle Inferior Attachment: Crosses the Plantar Surface of the Foot into the lateral aspect of the 1st Cuneiform & 1st Metatarsal Actions: Plantarflexion, Eversion, & Pronation
50
Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis
Superior Attachment: Distal 2/3 of the Lateral Surface of the Fibula & Anterior Interosseous Membrane Inferior Attachment: Styloid Attachment of the Proximal 5th Metatarsal Actions: Plantarflexion, Eversion, & Pronation
51
Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius
Superior Attachment: Medial Surface of the Fibula & Interosseous Membrane Inferior Attachment: Dorsal Surface of the 5th Metatarsal Base Actions: Dorsiflexion, Eversion, & Pronation
52
Tibialis Posterior
Superior Attachment: Posterior Aspect of the Interosseous Membrane, Posteromedial Fibular Surface, & Superior Aspect of the Proximal Tibia Inferior Attachment: Plantar Surface of the Medial Cuneiform, Bases of Metatarsals 2-4, Intermediate & Lateral Cuneiforms, & the Cuboid Actions: Plantarflexion, Inversion, & Supination
53
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Superior Attachment: Medial Surface of the Tibia Inferior Attachment: Plantar Surfaces of Distal Phalanges 2-5 Actions: Plantarflexion, Inversion, & Supination, MTP, PIP, & DIP Flexion of Phalanges 2-5
54
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Superior Attachment: Distal 2/3 of the Posterior Fibula, Interosseous Membrane, & Posterior Intermuscular Septum Inferior Attachment: Base of Distal Phalanx 1 Actions: Plantarflexion, Inversion, & Supination, MTP & IP Flexion of Phalange 1
55
Lateral Ankle Ligaments
Anterior Talofibular Ligament Calcaneofibular Ligament Posterior Talofibular Ligament
56
Medial Ankle Ligaments
Deltoid Ligament Complex
57
High Ankle Ligaments
Tibiofibular "Syndesmotic' Ligaments Interosseous Membrane
58
Abductor Hallucis
Actions: MTP Flexion & Abduction of Digit 1
59
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Actions: MTP Flexion of Digit 1
60
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Actions: MTP Flexion & Abduction of Digit 5
61
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Actions: MTP Flexion of Digit 5
62
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Actions: MTP & PIP Flexion of Digits 2-5
63
Quadratus Plantae
Attachment to the Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendons & the Inferior Calcaneus Actions: MTP, PIP, & DIP Flexion of Digits 2-5
64
Lumbricals
Attachments to the Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendons of Digits 2-5 & Extensor Expansions of Toes 2-5 Actions: MTP Flexion of Digits 2-5, PIP & DIP Extension of Digits 2-5, Adduction of Phalanges 3-5, Abduction of Phalange 2
65
Dorsal Interossei Abductors
Attachments to the 2nd Medial Metatarsal & Lateral Metatarsals 2-4 as well as the Extensor Expansion of Digits 2-5 Actions: MTP Flexion, PIP & DIP Extension, & Abduction of Digits 2-4
66
Plantar Interossei Adductors
Attachments to the Medial Metatarsals 3-5 & the Medial Proximal Phalanges 3-5 Actions: MTP Flexion, PIP & DIP Extension, & Adduction of Digits 3-5
67
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Actions: MTP & PIP Extension of Digits 2-4
68
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Actions: MTP Extension of Digit 1
69
Adductor Hallucis
Actions: MTP Adduction of Digit 1
70
Adductor Brevis
Superior Attachment: Anterior body of the pubis & lateral surface of the Inferior Pubic Ramus Inferior Attachment: Proximal Linea Aspera, above the insertion of Adductor Longus Actions: Hip Adduction & Flexion
71
Adductor Magnus
Superior Attachment: Pubic & Ischial Rami Inferior Attachment: Medial Gluteal Tuberosity Actions: Hip Adduction & Extension
72
Adductor Longus
Superior Attachment: Anterior Body of the Pubis Inferior Attachment: Medial 1/3 of the Femur Actions: Hip Adduction & Flexion
73
Which Knee Injuries Form an Unhappy Triad?
ACL MCL Medial Meniscus
74
Which 3 muscles insert into the Pes Anserinus?
Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus
75
Which Muscles & Ligament provide support to the Medial Longitudinal Arch?
Extrinsic: - Tibialis Posterior - Tibialis Anterior - Flexor Hallucis Longus Intrinsic: - Flexor Hallucis Brevis - Flexor Digitorum Brevis - Abductor Hallucis Ligament: - Spring Ligament
76
Windlass Mechanism
The Plantar Fascia is stretched when the MTP joints extend. This tightness provides a spring-like quality to the feet for pushing off and producing more force. It also supports the many different joints within the ankle & foot.

Kine 374 (3 decks)

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