Exam 2 Upper Limb Flashcards by Victoria Cramer

Scapula

Has medial, lateral, superior borders and superior and inferior angles, head, neck, acromion

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Clavicle

Connects the upper limb to the trunk

Transmits shocks (traumatic impacts) from the upper limb to the axial skeleton

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Glenoid cavity

Articulates with the head of the humerus at the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

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Humerus

Largest bone in the upper limb

Shaft has deltoid tuberosity and radial groove

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Between the elevated sternal ends of the clavicles is the

jugular notch

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The acromial end of the clavicle often rises higher than the acromion, forming a palpable elevation at the

acromio-clavicular joint

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Deltoid portions

clavicular, acromial, spinal

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Scapulohumeral Muscles

SITS=rotator cuff muscles

suprapinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

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What is the origin of the deltoid?

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

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What is the insertion of the deltoid?

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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What is the innervation of the deltoid?

axillary nerve, C5 (C6)

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What are the main actions of the deltoid?

Clavicular part flexes and medially rotate shoulder joint, acromial part abducts shoulder joint, spinal part extends and laterally rotates shoulder joint

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What is the origin of the supraspinatus?

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

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What is the insertion of the supraspinatus?

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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What is the innervation of the supraspinatus?

Suprascapular nerve C5 (C4, C6)

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What are the main actions of the supraspinatus?

Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of shoulder joint and acts with other rotator cuff muscles

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What is the origin of the infraspinatus?

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

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What is the insertion of the infraspinatus?

Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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What is the innervation of the infraspinatus?

Suprascapular nerve C5 (C6)

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What are the main actions of the infraspinatus?

Laterally rotate shoulder joint; help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

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What is the origin of teres minor?

Middle part of lateral border of scapula

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What is the insertion of teres minor?

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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What is the innervation of teres minor?

Axillary nerve C5 (C6)

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What is the action of teres minor?

Laterally rotate shoulder joint; help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

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What is the origin of teres major?

Inferior part of lateral border of scapula and posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

What is the insertion of the teres major?

Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

What is the innervation of teres major?

Lower subscapular nerve C6 (C5)

What are the main actions of teres major?

Adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint

What is the origin of subscapularis?

Subscapular fossa (most of anterior surface of scapula)

What is the insertion of the subscapularis?

Lesser tubercle of humerus

What is the innervation of the subscapularis?

Upper and lower subscapular nerves C6 (C5, C7)

What are the main actions of the subscapularis?

Medially rotates and adducts shoulder joint; helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

Sternoclavicular joint

between the sternal end of the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum and the 1st costal cartilage saddle joint that functions as a ball-and-socket joint

Acromioclavicular Joint

The acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion

Coracoclavicular ligament

Anchors the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula

Glenohumeral Joint

Shoulder joint, ball-and-socket synovial joint that permits a wide range of movement; its mobility makes the joint relatively unstable

Transverse humeral ligament

Broad fibrous band that runs from the greater to the lesser tubercle, bridging over the intertubercular sulcus and converting the sulcus into a canal for the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii and its synovial sheath

Coraco-acromial ligament

Located in between the acromion and coracoid process of the scapula

What is the origin of the pectoralis major?

Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

What is the insertion of the pectoralis major?

Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus (groove) of humerus

What is the innervation of the pectoralis major?

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves, clavicular head C6,C5, sternocostal head C7,C8,T1

What are the main actions of the pectoralis major?

Adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint, draw scapula anteriorly and inferiorly Acting alone, clavicular head flexes shoulder joint and sternocostal head extends it from the flexed position

What is the origin of pectoralis minor?

3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages

What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?

Medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of scapula

What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?

Medial pectoral nerve C8, T1

What are the main actions of the pectoralis minor?

Stabilizes scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

What is the origin of the subclavius?

Junction of 1st rib and it's costal cartilage

What is the insertion of the subclavius?

Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

What is the innervation of the subclavius?

Subclavian nerve C5 (C6)

What is the main action of the subclavius?

Anchors and depresses clavicle

What is the origin of the serratus anterior?

External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs

What is the insertion of the serratus anterior?

Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

What is the innervation of serratus anterior?

Long thoracic nerve C6, C7 (C5)

What are the main actions of the serratus anterior?

Protracted scapula and holds against thoracic wall; rotates scapula

The apex of the axilla

Cervico axillary canal

Base of the axilla

Concave skin, subcutaneous tissue and axillary (deep) fascia extending from the arm to the thoracic wall forming the axillary fossa (armpit)

Anterior wall of the axilla

Anterior axillary fold, pectoralis major and minor and their fascia

Posterior wall of the axilla

Scapula and subscapularis, posterior axillary fold

Medial wall of the axilla

Thoracic wall and the overlying serratus anterior

Lateral wall of the axilla

Narrow bony wall formed by the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Axillary artery

Begins at the lateral border of the 1st rib as the continuation of the subclavian artery and ends at the inferior border of the teres major (3 parts total)

Roots of the brachial plexus

C5-T1