Introduction Mix Flashcards
0
Q
What shape are lumbar vertebral bodies?
A
Kidney shaped
1
Q
What shape are thoracic vertebral bodies?
A
Heart
2
Q
What is the nuchal ligament an extension of?
A
Supraspinous ligament
3
Q
What does the aral ligament do?
A
Limits extensive rotation of cervical
4
Q
Where is the cruciate ligament?
A
Cranium to C2
5
Q
Where are the joints of Lushka?
A
Between the Uncas bodies, C3-C6
6
Q
What has muscle attachments for the multifudus?
A
Mammillary processes
7
Q
Where does the vertebral artery go through?
A
The transverse foramen
8
Q
How many processes are on a typical vertebra?
A
7
9
Q
What is the floor of the Suboccipital triangle?
A
Atlanto occipital membrane
10
Q
What lengthens the muscle?
A
Eccentric
11
Q
What shortens the muscle?
A
Concentric
12
Q
What movement is the same for muscles?
A
Isometric
13
Q
C3-C5 myotome
A
Diaphragm
14
Q
C5 myotome
A
Elbow flexion
15
Q
C6 myotome
A
Wrist extension
16
Q
C7 myotome
A
Elbow extension
17
Q
C8 myotome
A
Finger flexion
18
Q
T1 myotome
A
Finger abduction
19
Q
T1-T12 myotome
A
Chest wall/abs
20
Q
L2 myotome
A
Hip flexion
21
Q
L3 myotome
A
Knee extension
22
Q
L4 myotome
A
Ankle dorsi flexion
23
Q
L5 myotome
A
Toe extension
24
S1 myotome
Ankle plantarflexion
25
S3-S5 myotome
Bladder, bowel, sexual organ
26
What does metal show up as on a radiograph?
White image
27
What is the gray area on a radiograph?
Soft tissue/skin
28
What is anatomical position?
Head, eyes and toes directed forward.
Upper limbs by sides palms facing forward.
Feet parallel and toes directed anteriorly.
29
What is the axial skeleton?
Bones of the head, neck and trunk
30
What is the appendicular skeleton?
Bones of the limbs, shoulder, pelvic girdles
31
What is bone?
A living tissue, protects vital structures, support for body, storage of salts, new blood cell supply
32
What is cartilage?
Resilient avascular type of connective tissue that forms in parts of the skeleton where more flexibility is necessary
33
Cleavage lines?
Keep skin taut, little scarring if surgical incisions are made parallel to these
34
What are stretch marks?
Damage to the collagen fibers in the dermis when skin is stretched too far
35
Burns?
Tissue injuries caused by thermal, electrical, radioactive or chemical agents
1st degree is superficial
2nd degree is epidermis and part of dermis
3rd degree is epidermis, dermis and parts of muscle potentially
36
Heterotrophic bones?
Bones formed in soft tissues where they are not normally present. Horse riders bones due to chronic muscle strain
37
Bone adaptation
Bleed when injured, bleed when fractured, change with age
Have blood vessels, lymphatic vessels
38
Bone degeneration
Osteoporosis, reduction in the quality of the bone, bones fracture easily
39
Bone trauma and repair
Broken ends of a fracture must be brought together (reduction of a fracture)
40
All bones are derived from what?
Mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue)
41
What is intramembranous ossification?
Direct ossification of the Mesenchyme begins in her fetal period
42
What is enchondral ossification?
Cartilage models of bones form from Mesenchyme during the fetal period and bone subsequently replaces most of the cartilage
43
What is the primary ossification center?
Diaphysis
44
Where are secondary ossification centers?
Epiphyses
45
What are accessory bones?
When additional ossification centers appear and form extra bones
46
Avascular neurosis?
Loss of blood supply to an epiphysis or other parts of the bone
47
Degenerative joint disease?
Osteoarthrosis is accompanied by stiffness, discomfort, pain
Osteoarthritis hips and knees in older individuals
48
What is a joint?
Articulation or place of union between two or more rigid components (bones, cartilages, or parts of the same bone)
49
The articulating bones of fibrous joints are united by
Fibrous tissue
50
Syndesmosis type of fibrous joint unites the bones with a sheet of
Fibrous tissue either a ligament or fibrous membrane (partially moveable)
51
Gomphosis
Type of fibrous joint that is peg like and stabilizes our teeth
52
Cartilaginous joints are united by
Hyaline or fibrocartilage
53
Primary cartilaginous joints are united by
Hyaline cartilage
54
Secondary cartilaginous joints
Are strong slightly moveable mobile joints united by fibrocartilage
55
Syndesmosis joint
Bones are joined by an interosseous ligament or a sheet of fibrous tissue (joining forearm bones)
56
Synchondrosis
Bony epiphysis and body are joined by an epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage)
57
Symphysis
Binding tissue is a fibrocartilage nous disc (ex between two vertebrae)
58
Synovial joint
Most common and important
Free movement between bones they join
The two bones are separated by the characteristic joint cavity
59
Types of synovial joints
Atlanto axial joint (condylar)
Zygaphophyseal
60
Testing for muscle action
Against resistance, electromyography
61
Myocardial infarction
Pathological death of myocardial tissue after a heart attack
62
Arteries carry blood
Away from the heart
63
Abnormally swollen twisted veins
Varicose veins
64
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of arteries
Atherosclerosis is buildup of cholesterol in arterial walls
65
Winged scapula
Paralysis of the serratus anterior
66
Primary curvatures of the spine
Thoracic and sacral
67
Secondary curvatures of the spine
Cervical and lumbar spines
68
Kyphosis
Thoracic humpback
69
Lordosis
Lumbar region during pregnancy occurs
70
Scoliosis
Curved back (lateral curvature)
71
Laminectomy
Surgical excision of one or more spinous processes and their supporting laminae
72
Vertebrae fractures
Sudden forceful flexion (automobile accident)
73
Spina bifida
Laminae of L5 fail to develop normally and fuse
74
Whiplash
Sever hyper extension of the neck, rear end automobile accident
75
Anterior longitudinal ligament limits
Extension of the vertebral column
76
Posterior longitudinal ligament prevents
Hyperflexion
