Exam 2: Wildlife

Question 1

Disease

Answer 1

any alteration in normal condition of organism

Question 2

necropsy

Answer 2

autopsy on animals

Question 3

clinical signs

Answer 3

objective evidence of disease

Question 4

vectors

Answer 4

invertebrates that transfer pathogens from one host to another

Question 5

reservoir

Answer 5

store pathogens in population

Question 6

enzootic

Answer 6

disease occurs at regular rate in area

Question 7

epizootic

Answer 7

disease occurs at unexpected time and place or at higher rate

Question 8

zoonoses

Answer 8

disease between humans and other animals

Question 9

infectious diseases

Answer 9

viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, prions

Question 10

noninfectious diseases

Answer 10

malnutrition, physical injuries

Question 11

sublethal effects

Answer 11

behavioral changes, reproductive failure, indirect mortality

Question 12

management actions for disease

Answer 12

Administer vaccines
Interrupt life cycles of pathogens and vectors
Prevention of stress and injury

Question 13

early succession

Answer 13

Abundant ground cover
Open spaces and bare ground
Abundant seeds and insects

Question 14

brush stage

Answer 14

Young trees and shrubs - nesting, roosting, loafing cover
Seeds, fruit, insects, browse

Question 15

mature forest

Answer 15

Canopy may be closed
Mast, foliage, browse, insect, food
Trees with cavities
Provide seasonal cover and year round cover

Question 16

old growth

Answer 16

Mosaic landscape pattern and more vertical structure
Provide for many different niches, very complex

Question 17

intermediate stage

Answer 17

Canopy closed - no understory
Trees too small for cavities
Very limited food and cover when compared to other stages

Question 18

economic rotation

Answer 18

start a stand and harvest for money

Question 19

ecological rotation

Answer 19

let a stand mature to old growth

Question 20

effects on fire on wildlife community

Answer 20

Benefits to wildlife, opens niches
More nutritious grass and forbs generate after fire
Burning leaf litter allows plants to germinate
Increase fruits on shrubs after burn

Question 21

effect of deffered grazing on wildlife

Answer 21

increase in small mammals

Question 22

effect of continuous grazing on wildlife

Answer 22

conflict between livestock and wildlife

Question 23

How do fences influence wildlife?

Answer 23

prevent wildlife migration, habitat fragmentation

Question 24

advantages to fire management in rangelands

Answer 24

Release of nutrients, reduce residual build up of plant material, stimulate early succession plants, inexpensive

Question 25

disadvantages to fire management in rangelands

Answer 25

Loss of nesting/winter cover, mortality, potential loss of nutrients

Question 26

sandhill cranes

Answer 26

3-4ft tall, 6-4 lbs, gray plumage and gray legs

Question 27

whooping cranes

Answer 27

5ft tall, 12-16 lbs, white plumage and black legs

Question 28

management concerns in sandhill cranes

Answer 28

damage agriculture land

Question 29

management concerns in whooping cranes

Answer 29

only one wild population and low nest success

Question 30

What is causing the birds to abandon nests?

Answer 30

blackfly parasitism