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NRES 250 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

stratification of lakes

A

layering of water based on temperature

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2
Q

epilimnion

A

surface water, warmest in summer, coldest in winter

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3
Q

metalimnion

A

middle layer of lake

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4
Q

hypolimnion

A

bottom layer of water, coldest, oxygen deprived

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5
Q

low productivity of water

A

oligotrophic, clear

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6
Q

high productivity of water

A

eutrophic, not clear

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7
Q

middle productivity of water

A

mesotrophic

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8
Q

littoral zone

A

close to shore, terrestrial plants

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9
Q

limnetic zone

A

open water

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10
Q

benthic zone

A

bottom of lake

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11
Q

pelagic zone

A

portion of euphotic zone with oxygen and light

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12
Q

photic zone

A

light can penetrate

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13
Q

aphotic zone

A

no light can penetrate

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14
Q

riverine zone in reservior

A

farthest from dam
high flow, shallow, narrow, turbid, organics from outside

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15
Q

lacustrine zone in reservior

A

closest to dam
minimal flow, deep, wide, clear, organics from within

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16
Q

when are nutrients highest in reservior?

A

highest after flooding event, trophic upsurge then trophic depression

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17
Q

ecological roles of wetlands

A

Essential fish and wildlife habitat
Water storage to mitigate flooding and erosion
Reduce sediment and nutrients to improve water quality
Sequester atmospheric carbon
Groundwater recharge

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18
Q

what do fish use wetlands for?

A

Spawning, nursery, migration

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19
Q

ephemeral wetland

A

wet only in spring

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20
Q

important functions of riparian zone on streams

A

link food webs, reduce erosion

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21
Q

effect of clear cutting on riparian zones

A

increase sediment loading and temp

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22
Q

common stream degradation issues

A

Sedimentation
Habitat loss
Increased BOD
Altered channel morphology
Flooding
Fish death
toxins

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23
Q

point-source pollution

A

problem attributed to specific location

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24
Q

non-point source pollution

A

no one single source can be identified

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25
which species of trout is more tolerant of low DO and warmer temps
brown trout
26
trout distribution in streams
Brook are more prevalent in headwaters Brown are further downstream in wider, warmer waters
27
what kind of trout survives better in streams
wild trout
28
common harvest regulations for trout in wisconsin
Creel and length limit Gear restrictions Stream specific
29
some reasons for removal of wildlife
Overpopulation Nuisance Increase growth Exotic species Disease control Undesirable effects on habitat Reduce competition with desired species
30
introductory stocking
introducing new species or to new area
31
maintenance stocking
limited or no natural reproduction
32
supplemental stocking
response to poor recruitment, game popularity
33
creel/bag
number of animals that can be taken in a day
34
possession limit
number of animals you can have at one time
35
why are creel limits uneffective
do not control effort or pressure
36
exploitation of walleye
35%
37
are gavis point paddle fish open or limited entry
limited entry
38
how to catch a paddlefish
snagging
39
why did Lake Oahe regs not protect larger walleyes
larger walleye did not have enough food so would have died anyway
40
causes of collapse in whitefish fishery
logging and overfishing
41
causes of whitefish recovery
Sea lamprey control through lampricides and trapping Clean water act in 1972
42
challenges of managing whitefish
Whitefish move around a lot Different user groups: commercial and recreational fishing Inter-jurisdictional management: MI, WI, CORA
43
how can diversity be quantified
5 to 10% species 10 to 20% genera 15 to 30% family
44
two effects of inadequate soil volume on tree growth and longevity
Small growth and reduced longevity
45
benefits of the urban forest
Shade water interception energy conservation Aesthetics air pollution reduction reduction in violence Human health
46
four variables used to account for the compensatory value of a landscape tree
Size Condition Location Species
47
Where should the structural roots (first set of roots that originate from the stem) be at planting
1-3 inches of the soil surface
48
symptom
plant expression to problem
49
sign
actual agent (insect, fungus, the thing that causes the plant disorder)
50
dutch elm disease symptoms
canopy leaf flagging, leaf yellowing to browning
51
oak wilt symptom
canopy leaf loss and outer leaf tanning and inner leaf often green
52
how is dutch elm disease passed
fungus spores travel on elm bark beetle
53
how is oak wilt passed
root grafts from infected trees
54
sanitation
taking care of diseased trees
55
sustained yield
Management intensity that provides for perpetual production of outputs
56
sustainable forestry
Capacity of forests to maintain their health, productivity, diversity, and integrity in the long run in the context of human activity and use
57
manage wetlands for wildlife
Preserve existing and reclaim altered wetlands Maintain food and cover for desired species Manipulate waters levels and vegetation
58
effects of flooding wetland
set back succession and draw water birds
59
effects of drawdowns
speed up succession, attract terrestrial wildlife
60
why are wetlands important for wildlife
half of endangered species live in wetlands
61
when did urbanization occur
8,000 years ago
62
urban exploiter
occur throughout urban areas, flexible needs, highest densities in urban areas
63
urban avoider
sensitive to human activities, rarely occur in margins/remnants
64
urban tolerant
use anthropogenic resources, but don’t take full advantage, suburbs, low densities
65
urban dependants
need humans to provide food/cover, urban core rarely elsewhere
66
What causes wildlife to be listed as endangered or threatened?
Species depletion from habitat loss/degradation and overexploitation
67
California condor
lead poisoning, DDT, habitat degradation
68
black footed ferret
habitat loss (depletion of prairie dogs) and disease
69
Endangered species act, 1973
Goals: Self-sustaining wild populations, maintain species integrity Listing criteria Protect critical habitat Develop recovery plans
70
CITES: convention on international trade of endangered species
Designed to prevent animal trafficking No trade: threatened with extinctions Regulated trade: unlikely to go extinct Countries list native species within their border

NRES 250 (4 decks)

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