Exam Flashcards by Richard Rowe

What is a dependent variable?

By changing the IV we see the effect on the dependent variable or DVD (normally data)

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What is an independent variable

Generally the experimentor has control of one variable which he manipulates (varies) this is the independent variable or IV.

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Psychology is best defined as:

The scientific study of the behaviour of individuals and their mental processes.

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The types of interventions that allow people to improve the quality of their lives is most directly the result of which goals of psychological research ?

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A friend who has been studying psychology a lot longer than you tells you the habit of biting your nails is the inner conflict between your personal need to stay a child and society’s demand to grow up. You recognise this advice as stemming from the (what? ______) perspective

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When a researcher defines variables or conditions in terms of the specific procedures used to determine their presence, he is using a (n) _________definition.

Operational definition

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When carrying out a experiment, the factor that the researcher manipulates is known as the _______variable, the researcher measure the _________varaible.

Manipulates the independent variable and measures the dependent variable.

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What illustrates the use of between- groups design?

If you have a number of separate groups in an experiment which are given different experiences then the the IV is between -groups

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What at the end of the neuron is the swollen bulb like structures called? ________it makes it possible to stimulate nearby glands, muscles or other neurons.

Terminal buttons

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The primary function of ___________is to carry messages away from the central nervous system towards the muscles and glands.

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During the absolute refractory period….

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A patient has just received a prescription drug that will decrease her high level of anxiety. It is most likely that the drug she has received will in increase the activity of the neurotransmitter ….

GABA

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Names the parts of the Brain stem?

Medulla, Pons, reticular formation

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Add brain questions

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What topic is/was being discussed if you see “payoff matrix”, “hits” and false alarms?

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Rods operate best in___________; cones operate best in____________?

Rods operate best in dim light cones operate best in bright light , colour and see detail

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At night when you look at a star directly, the image of the star hits the fovea of the retina and you find it difficult to see clearly because this area….

Has no Rods

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The cells that carry visual information to the brain are called..

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A medical student wants to be a surgeon in observing an operation her attention is focused on the way the teacher is holding the scalpel and the angle between the blade and skin. The students attentional focus is an example of….

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A student watches a teacher hastily draw various geometric shapes on a blackboard. The students ability to see the incomplete figures as complete can best be attributed to the perceptual process of

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Taking his first train ride a child is amazed how quickly the fence post along the tracks wiz by, but in the distance the farm seems to hardly move. This best illustrates…

Motion Parallax

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A girl is speeding down a path on her new scooter. Although her sensory systems are rapidly recording a wide variety of stimulus changes, she still sees the world as stable and unchanging. This is referred to as..

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Phonemic restoration is dependent on..

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The illusion that results from “Ames Room” demonstrates that..

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The primary projection area for visual stimuli is _________ of the brain.

People who sleep longer...

The psychodynamic view of dreams assumes dreams..

While under hypnosis you are asked to go back to the age of eight and tell the audience what is happening. You describe your eight birthday in the present tense. You are experiencing ...

One of the factors crucial to conditioning is...

An important distinction between operant and classical conditioning is that..

Retrieval is the process of..

The best evidence for a distinction between working and long term memory comes from..

Increasing the number of ways you encode information..

Motivated forgetting.

Is called repression

Dillon is four years old and his parents teach him to say please and thank you they will be most successful in altering dill ones behaviour if they use.

Operant conditioning

Negative reinforcement is...

Curtis is working on a presentation and doesn't hear the phone ringing in the background. Later he is surprised to find he has three messages, he was totally unaware the phone had even rung. Incidents of this type would lend support to the .......model of attention

Chunking is the....

In anterograde amnesia..

Phonemes are...

If you ten to persist in using the same problem solving strategy time after time you are evidencing ..

A "mental rule of thumb"for problem solving is referred to as..

Heuristic

Research across cultures indicates..

How is semantic knowledge represented and organised in long term memory?

Differentiate between the two forms of stimulus response learning. In what ways are they similar?

Explain what is meant by an altered state of consciousness, and describe and example?

Define scientific method:

Set of procedure used for gathering and interpreting objective information in a way that minimises error and yields dependable generalisations.

Define behaviour:

The observable actions by which an organism adjust to its environment.

Define mental processes are

Thinking, reasoning, perceiving, etc.

The goals of Psychology are

Describing what happens Explain what happens Predict what will happen Controlling what happens (prevention and intervention)

When did psychology become a study in Australia?

1890's

Who is thought of as the father of modern day Psychology?

Wilhelm Wundt first lab in 1879

William James wrote

The first Psychology book "The Principles of Psychology" he was an American a student of Wundt's.

Structuralism explains mental phenomena as a

As a combination of simple sensation and mental events.

The gestalt view is

A holistic view the sum of the parts is greater than the whole

Functionalism looked at

What functions do behaviours serve for organisms.

Variables are

Something that you measure that varies in the experiment.

A "operational definition" is

A precise definition of how a variable is measured or manipulated in an experiment.

The variable other than the IV or DV in the experiment confusing the interpretation is called..

The confounding variable

Measure taken to remove the effects of a confounding variable are called experimental

Controls.

Describe within-groups design

If one group has a number of different experiences then the IV is within-groups.

When critically reading it is important to remember

Correlation is not causation Important concepts should be carefully designed - operationally Consider alternative explanations Beware argument of authority All theories are to some extent tentative - approximations to reality.

Psychology is a discipline that spans multiple levels of

Analysis

A specific testable predication is also known as a

Hypothesis

If we think of levels of analysis as rungs on a ladder the lower rungs of psychology would be concerned with

Biological

A complex human behaviour such as violence is best explained by

Multiple factors and influences.

A basic premise of science is that knowledge should initially be acquire through.

Observation

A psychological researcher developing a scientific hypothesis is really ...

Good scientists ......prove their theories.

Never

Thinking scientifically means..

Using scientific methods to overcome personal bias. Check

Pseudoscientific claims are claims that lack.

The ability to be tested and are therefor identical to metaphysical claims. Check

There are numerous warning signs that help us recognise a pseudoscientific claim name three

Josh saw a plane crash thought about the bad things happen in three within the next week two more crashed. Josh was experiencing ...

According to terror management theorists the fear of .........motivates us to believe in the paranormal.

Our own impending death or our mortality

When Dr Petersen told students to try and put aside their biases, they said they didn't have any biases, they were guilty of..........fallacy

Not me

IQ must predict success in schools because they've been testing for years - is an example of which type of reasoning error...

What principle of scientific thinking is ignored by the proponents of the EMDR therapy as described in the text..

Standardisation is

A set of uniform procedures for treating each participant in a test, interview or experiment, or for recording data.

A research methodology that involves the manipulation of independent variables in order to determine their affects on a dependent variable is called?

Experimental method

A research methodology that determines to what extent two variables, traits or attributes are related is called?

Correlational method

Exam Flashcards

(80 cards)