Exam 3

Question 1

1. HPV infection (can) causes throat cancer.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

2. HPV is like a common cold, ‘everybody gets it’. The infection will most likely clear within 2 years for ___________of infected people.

Answer 2

Most ( 9/10)

Question 3

We can say that HPV vaccine is a true cancer vaccine because….

Answer 3

All of the above

Question 4

Integration of the HPV genome into the host cell leads to the over expression of two oncogenes, E6 and E7. The protein products of these two genes disrupt which two proteins in the cell and can lead to that cell becoming cancerous?

Answer 4

Rb , p53

Question 5

85% of deaths associated with cervical cancer occur in the developing countries. This is most likely due to .

Answer 5

Access to health care and availability of pap smear

Question 6

The presence of hormone receptors and abundance of HER2 growth factor receptors can predict how aggressive a breast cancer may be and the best approach for treatment. For instance, the __________ subtype is the most common type and has the best prognosis.

Answer 6

HR+, HER2-

Question 7

p53 is a protein known as the guardian angel of the genome. It controls passage through the cell cycle. Many types of cancer cells have mutations in p53. This allows cancer cells to __________ .

Answer 7

All of the above

Question 8

In chronic HPV infections with high–risk strains, a series of events must occur to cause cervical cancer. Put the following statements in the appropriate order, reflecting this series of events, by designating 1 - 6 on the line next to the statements (1pt each).

Answer 8

1 HPV enters epithelia via a micro-abrasion
2 Chronic infection of epithelial cells
3 Integration of viral DNA into host genome
4 Over expression of E6 and E7
5 Proteins E6 and E7 inactivate p53 and Rb
6 Unregulated cell growth leads to neoplasia
and then metastasis

Question 9

Most HPV infections clear without any symptoms experienced from the infection.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Why would Dr. William Li encourage you to eat many of your meals with strawberries, garlic, parsley, and grapes (among other fruits and vegetables)?

Answer 10

To increase anti-angiogenesis activity.

Question 11

The ___________ is the most successful cancer screening technique ever developed, accounting for a 70% decrease in the mortality of cervical cancer in the U.S.

Answer 11

Pap smear

Question 12

In recent years, most cases of throat cancers are associated with a _________________ infection .

Answer 12

C. HPV

Question 13

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding antioxidants?

Answer 13

All are true

Question 14

What is the most accepted operational definition of a person who is cured of HIV?

Answer 14

14. C. The viral load is undetectable when not on ART/HAART and HV is no longer transmitted.

Question 15

h

Answer 15

h

Question 16

The occurrence of syncytia increases the rate of progression to AIDS and result from infected cells interacting with uninfected cells, as if the infected cells were an HIV particle.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Obesity causes an increase in hormones and proteins that promote cell division, which suggests mechanisms for how obesity is linked to cancer.

Answer 17

true

Question 18

Which one of the following is an important similarity between HPV and colon cancer?

Answer 18

All of the above

Question 19

18. The HIV associated protein responsible for biological information moving in a direction that contradicts the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology is

Answer 19

Reverse Transcriptase

Question 20

Which one of the following is least likely a factor in significantly decreasing sexual transmission between HIV infected individuals and uninfected individuals?

Answer 20

High CD4+ Cells

Question 21

Your best friend (and housemate) is HIV positive. Because of the HIV diagnosis, you both agreed upon habits to avoid sharing drinks and food. You have to be very careful.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

In class I compared HPV to the ‘common cold’ because…

Answer 22

B. of the ‘common’ aspect; for HPV, most sexually active people will have an infection.

Question 23

22. Which one of the following is consistent with our understanding of cervical cancer?

Answer 23

C. Second wives, of men whose first wives died of cervical cancer, developed cervical cancer.

Question 24

23. A few studies suggest antioxidants may actually protect existing cancer cells, allowing existing cancers to grow faster. Depending solely on our lecture on antioxidants, which one below is best explains why antioxidants encourage the growth of existing cancers?

Answer 24

B. Cancer cells often have cellular environments with many free radicals that could damage the cells.

Question 25

24. Monoclonal antibodies, which attach to CCR5 co-receptors, are candidates for ____.

Answer 25

C. Fusion Inhibitors (FI)

Question 26

25. Put the following events (I. – IV. ) in the correct sequence. I. Over expression of E6 and E7; II. Integration of viral DNA, III. Chronic HPV infection, IV. Degradation of p53 and pRb, and V. Uncontrolled cellular growth

Answer 26

III,II,I,IV,V

Question 27

Which one of the following statements is False?

Answer 27

We labeled breast cancer as deadly but preventable because obvious symptoms are related to early detection.

Question 28

HPV can cause loss of cell cycle regulation when ...

Answer 28

B. overexpression of viral proteins that prevent the function of two tumor suppressor proteins.

Question 29

What anti-retroviral medicine is not used as a treatment but as a prophylaxis to prevent any introduced HIV from successfully moving through its life cycle and establishing in the body?

Answer 29

C. PreP

Question 30

AIDS is, simply, an HIV infection.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

HIV evolved among isolated human populations for over a 100 years before causing a world-wide epidemic.

Answer 31

B. False

Question 32

A mother is discussing with the pediatrician whether her cisgender son will get the HPV vaccine. She mentions, in confidence, that she was sexually active as teenager and never got HPV. Which one of the following is a legitimate response to this mother.

Answer 32

B. No sexually active person can be certain they never have had an HPV infection.

Question 33

32. Which role in sexual intercourse places a person at higher risk of infection?

Answer 33

A. Receptive

Question 34

33. Most of the (very few) movies about AIDS reference the reddish-brown spots (lesions) seen on AIDS patients. Which one of the following does NOT relate the occurrence of these visible lesions?

Answer 34

D. fungal infection

Question 35

In the above graph, the dashed line at B. would be _________ under a successful treatment regime.

Answer 35

A. undetectable

Question 36

In the above graph, which one of the following indicates the worst time to use an HIV rapid test?

Answer 36

A.

Question 37

Which one of the following relationships indicates a relationship we discussed in class?

Answer 37

B. Value of dash line at B. affects length of C.

Question 38

Which one of the following is the point at which a person, that does not know their positive HIV status, might experience the most pronounced and distinct signs and symptoms?

Answer 38

D.

Question 39

What are two opportunistic infections that likely will arise at point D on the graph?

Answer 39

B. Kaposi Sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia

Question 40

Which of the following is important for near prevention of HIV transmission among a population?

Answer 40

D. All of the above

Question 41

In the U.S. nearly 1 in 4 new HIV infections occur among people aged 13 - 24.

Answer 41

A. True

Question 42

Casey inherited a ________ gene mutation, which is a(n) ___________. Thus, frequent screenings identify and remove many BENIGN polyps, which, to form, required a minimum of ________ mutation(s) after their birth.

Answer 42

A. APC, tumor suppressor gene, one

Question 43

Herd immunity protects those that cannot be vaccinated and only occurs when enough of a population becomes vaccinated.

Answer 43

A. True

Question 44

Pap Smears are one of the most (if not the most) successful screening test in terms of saving lives.

Answer 44

A. True

Question 45

Dr. Webley introduced a theory of how the particular SIV we now recognize as HIV 1- M, became better adapted to the human body after being introduced to one human hunter. Which one of the following best describes this theory?

Answer 45

D. None of the above. NOT relevant to this class.

Question 46

Using nucleotide sequencing of many HIV’s (HIV1-M) collected from multiple decades, scientists were able to determine that HIV originated around ______.

Answer 46

C. 1900

Question 47

In developing countries cervical cancer is still one of the deadliest cancers for people with cervixes. To reduce mortality associated with cervical cancer, providing access to which one of the following is most pertinent?

Answer 47

D. pap-smears

Question 48

Which one of the following does NOT pertain to reverse transcriptase?

Answer 48

C. HIV reservoirs

Question 49

Which HIV protein is directly responsible for getting ‘HIV’ into its best hiding spot, and thus creating a reservoir of HIV even under the best treatment?

Answer 49

B. Integrase

Question 50

Saliva is used to test for HIV because saliva contains ____________.

Answer 50

A. human antibodies against the virus

Question 51

Which one of the following is NOT one of the bodily fluids in which HIV is found?

Answer 51

B. respiratory mucus

Question 52

Which one of the following statements is FALSE?

Answer 52

D. The independence of innate and adaptive arms of the immune system helps protect the overall immune system for at least a decade after an HIV infection.

Question 53

52. In the picture above, ____________ is a direct product of the prior host cell’s __________.

Answer 53

B. v. RNA polymerase

Question 54

53. In the picture above, ____________ is a target of many attempted vaccines to create antibodies that would attach to it and prevent entry into host cells.

Answer 54

A. i.or B. ii.

Question 55

54. In the picture above, ____________ is stolen from the prior host cell.

Answer 55

C. iii.

Question 56

55. In the picture above, ____________ is called gp41.

Answer 56

B. ii.

Question 57

56. Unlike other viral infections, the direct effect of viral growth on the body does not kill HIV infected individuals; rather HIV infections allow other organisms or viruses to cause disease that kill HIV patients, like _______________.

Answer 57

B. tuberculosis