exam 3 Flashcards

(69 cards)

1
Q

personality disorder DSM-5 criteria (general def)

A

personality pattern deviates from expectations of culture: styles of thinking ab oneself, others or events; emotional experience and expression; interpersonal functioning and/or impulse control

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2
Q

when is the onset of a personality disorder?

A

adolescence or early adulthood

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3
Q

personality disorder

A

enduring pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that is relatively stable over time, and the particular personality features must be evident by early adulthood

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4
Q

cluster A PS’s

A

odd or eccentric: paranoid PD, schizoid PD, schizotypal PD

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5
Q

paranoid PD

A

distrust or suspiciousness (plausible but unreasonable)

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6
Q

schizoid PS

A

no interest in relationships

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7
Q

schizotypal PD & treatment

A

eccentric behavior; odd thinking (schizophrenia lite); treatment: dynamic, supportive, cognitive-behavioral, and group therapy & small doses of anxiolytics for anxitey

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8
Q

cluster B PDs

A

dramatic/erratic: Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

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9
Q

antisocial PD

A

violating rights of others: don’t learn from consequences (similar to psychopaths), more common in men, requires conduct disorder diagnosis as child

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10
Q

borderline PD & treatment

A

instability in mood, self-image, relationships: fear of being alone, impulsivity (catastrophizing), more common in women; treatment: skill training based

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11
Q

histrionic PD

A

attention seeking: overly excited, seductive, etc., more common in women

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12
Q

narcissistic PD- theory & etiology

A

grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy, more common in men; theory: subconsciously inferior; etiology: link to parenting

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13
Q

cluster C

A

anxious/fearful: avoidant PD, dependent PD, obsessive-compulsive PD

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14
Q

avoidant PD

A

social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to criticism

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15
Q

dependent PD

A

need to be taken care of, submissiveness, clinginess, fear of abandonment

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16
Q

obsessive-compulsive PD

A

orderliness, perfectionism, mental and interpersonal control, inflexibility

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17
Q

psychopathy

A

lack of emotion, no shame, charming/manipulative, act irresponsibly/cruelly towards others, don’t learn from mistakes; seeking thrill/financial gain

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18
Q

etiology of BPD

A

biological: low serotonin, impaired frontal lobe functioning (impulse control/inhibition); psychological: childhood abuse/neglect, inconsistent love/attention, emotional dysregulation in childhood/punishment by parent

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19
Q

treatment of BPD

A

dialectical-behavioral therapy (DBT): changing behaviors and acceptance; emotional regulation; mindfulness

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20
Q

conduct disorder

A

persistent pattern of behavior violates basic rights of others or major rules

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21
Q

categorical model of diagnosis for PD

A

defines 10 different personality disorders in terms of distinct criteria sets; DSM-lV, intended for clinical use

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22
Q

dimensional model

A

trait specific, DSM-5: 3 clusters; continuum model of PDs like big 5 model (normal-abnormal)

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23
Q

criticims for DSM-5 approach to PDs

A

treats PD as if they are entirely different from “normal” personality traits; clustering system is limited (ex: limitations for co-occurring PDs from diff clusters); not consistently validated

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24
Q

anorexia nervosa symptoms

A

restricted intact, significantly low weight, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted perception

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25
anorexia: restrictive type
last 3 mo, weight loss primarily gained through dieting/fasting, excessive exercising
26
anorexia: binge-purge type
last 3 mo, engage in binge-purge behavior
27
treatment of anorexia nervosa
psychotherapy, meds: control anxiety and depression, group/family therapy, hospitalization
28
associated issues w/ anorexia
leading cause of chronic illness in adolescents; bradycardia, arrythmia, hypotension, gastrointestinal issues, heart failure, chronic fatigue, etc.
29
bulimia nervosa
binge & compensatory behaviors: 3x per week/3 mo (mild: 1-3 comp behaviors/week, moderate 4-7 comp behaviors/week, severe: 8-13/ week, extreme 14+/week)
30
treatment of bulimia nervosa
psychotherapy (CBT), medication (control anxiety & depression), group/family therapy
31
associated issues bulimia
electrolyte imbalance (can lead to heart failure), suicidality, erosion of gums/teeth enamel, sores, scars, and bruises on hands and knuckles, esophagus ulcers
32
binge eating disorder
recurrent episodes of binge eating: no compensatory behaviors, 1/week for 3 mo (mild: 1-3/ week, moderate 4-7/wk, severe: 8-13/wk, extreme: 14+/wk)
33
associated issues w/ binge eating disorder
obesity (joint probs, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, GERD), school, work, social impairment, anxiety, depression, suicidality, substance abuse
34
avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
disturbance in eating/lack of interest: avoidance based on sensory characteristics (weight loss, dependence on enteral feeding/oral supplements, interferes w/ functioning) (!!!No body image disturbances or fear of weight gain!!!)
35
treatment avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
psychotherapy (CBT), meds, group/family therapy, hospitalization
36
associated issues w/ A/RFID
similar to anorexia nervosa: dramatic weight loss, constipation, fatigue, hair thinning/loss, etc.
37
sexual functioning
what goes on in the body during sexual activity
38
sex
intercourse; biological category assigned at birth
39
gender
psychological and/or cultural
40
gender identity
individual's perception of themselves as whatever gender
41
sexual orientation
direction of sexual attraction
42
masters & Johnson stages & models of sexual arousal
excitement --> plateau --> orgasm --> resolution
43
masters & johnson 2 stages
myotonia & vasocongestion
44
triphasic model (cognitive-physiological) (Kaplan)
desire (considers psychological factors) --> excitement --> orgasm
45
female sexual dysfunctions
female sexual interest/arousal disorder, female orgasmic disorder, genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
46
male sexual dysfunctions
erectile disorder, male hypoactive (less) sexual desire disorder, premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation
47
treatments for sexual function disorders
behavior therapy: systematic desensitization masters & Johnson: eliminate goal-oriented performance and cognitive interreference, CBT, couples therapy, education & cognitive intervention, script assignment/modification (change old patterns) conflict resolution/relationship enhancement relapse prevention training
48
specific treatments: premature ejaculation
start-stop technique, squeeze technique, SSRIs
49
specific treatments: women (sexual disrosers)
masturbation, kegel exercises, vaginal dialtors (vaginismus)
50
specific treatments: erectile disorder
surgical therapies (prosthetics), suction devices, intracavernosal injection
51
paraphilias
sexual attraction to unusual objects or activities (affects functioning)
52
fetishistic disorder
sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving use of nonliving or nongenital body parts
53
transvestic disorder
dressing in clothes of opposite sex for sexual gratification
54
exhibitionistic disorser
flashing/exposing genitals to unsuspecting others
55
frotteuristic disorder
rubbing up against unsuspected others
56
vouyeristic disorder
watching/observing unsuspecting others (ex: peeping tom)
57
sexual masochism disorder
aroused by receiving pain/humiliation during sex
58
sexual sadism disorder
aroused by inflicting pain/humiliation on sex partner (causes distress or happens w/ non-consenting person
59
pedophilic disorder
sexual gratification from physical/sexual contact w/ children (13 or younger)- person must be at least 16 w/ someone 5 years younger
60
gender dysphoria
gender-related feelings at odds w/ assigned gender, discomfort, wish to eliminate gender characteristics
61
competency/incompetent to stand trial
people who do not have an understanding of what is happening to them in a courtroom and cannot participate in their defense are incompetent to stand trial
62
insanity defense
based on belief that ppl cannot be held fully responsible for illegal acts if they were so mentally incapacitated at time of crime that they could not conform to rules of society
63
M'Naughten rule
person can be absolved from responsibility because of mental disorder (delusional man killed secretary of political party thinking they were targeting him)
64
irresistible impulse rule
person can be absolved in driven my irresistible impulse to perform the act or had diminished capacity to resist performing it
65
durham rule
insanity defense could be accepted for any crimes that were product of mental disease or mental defect
66
ALI rule
nor responsible if result of mental disease/defect- lacks capacity to appreciate the criminality of conduct or to conform to requirements of the law
67
insanity defense reform act
found not guilty by reason if insanity if it is show that they were unable to appreciate the wrongfulness of conduct at the time due to mental disease
68
guilty but mentally ill
incarcerated for normal term & receive mental health services
69
goldwater rule
APA- don't assess people you haven't worked w/