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Pharm II > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 diuretic classes

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
loop diuretics
potassium sparinng diuretics
thiazide diuretics
osmotic diuretics

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2
Q

What meds affect the proximal convuluted tubule?

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
osmotic diuretics

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3
Q

What is a notable AE if furosimide?

A

ototoxicity/tinnitis

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4
Q

What type or serum are dextran 40 and albumin?

A

colloid solution

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5
Q

What are meds for metabolic accidosis? Metabolic alkalosis?

A

sodium bicarbonate

ammonium chloride
sodium choloride/potassium chloride

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6
Q

What is a maitenance bronchodialtor?

A

salmeterol

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7
Q

Which bronchodilator needs labs monitored and interects with a lot of other meds? What happens with toxicity? Whatis the thereputic range? What to avoid?

A

theophyline

tachycardia, HTN, tremors, anxiety, angina, heart attack, dryrhythmias

10-20

caffiene

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8
Q

What med is for dry cough? Productive cough?

A

dextromethorphan

guaifenisen

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9
Q

What do diutetics do?

A

increase sodium retention

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10
Q

What are crystaloid fluids? Colloid fluids?

A

Iso, hyper and hyptotonic

Dextran 40
Albumin

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11
Q

What type of conditions would lactated ringers be the best solution for treatent?

A

burns and hypernatremia

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12
Q

What is the concern and must be monitored when running ammonium chloride

A

cardia dysrhythmias

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13
Q

What is the MOA of albuterol? Salmeterol? What should be avoid?

A

beta 2 agonist, adrenergic. Same with Salmeterol

NSAIDs because they are bronchoconstrictors

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14
Q

Ipatropin and tiatropian are what kind of drugs? What do they decrease? What are their AE

A

anticholnergic

secretions in the lungs

Anticholnergic effects

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15
Q

What do corticosteroids do with asthma? Examples? What is the mainpurpose of these meds? What must be done with these?

A

daily anti-inflammatory

beclomethasone, flucasone

chronic control managing the disease and eliminating the need for resue inhaler

rinse mouth out

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16
Q

What is a caffeine derrivtive bronchodilator?

A

theophylline

17
Q

What is montelukast hard on? what is another difficult AE?

A

liver

agitation, SI, hallucinations,

18
Q

What is a mast cell stabelizer?

A

cromolyn

19
Q

What helps break up thick mucous? What is it a antidote drug for? What else does it protect from contrast dye? What does it smell like?

A

acetylcysteine

acetaminiophen

kindeys

rotton eggs

20
Q

What is an expectorant that increases coughing by increasing the secretion sin the lungs? What are pt teachings?

A

guafinicein

lead and folow with full glasses of water. Dehydration will make this med less effective

21
Q

What are 3 histamine blockers?

A

diphenhyydramine,, fecofenadine, loratadine

22
Q

What is the best way to take dectromethorphan? Why?

A

best on an empty stomach, wait 60 minutes to eat/drink

allows time for the drug to absorb because it is a mild drug, OTC

23
Q

What are alpha 1 agonists that help with sinus congestion? What is it contraindicated in? How long can it be taken? Why so short? What to avoid?

A

pseudophenrine/phenylephrine

cardiac problems: tachycardia, MI, HTN, HF, etc.

3-5 days

rebound congestion

caffeine and stimulants

24
Q

what are thiazides related to? who is at risk for taking?

A

sulfa drugs

those with sulfa allergy

25
Q

what is the concern of using diuretics and diabetes? Why?

A

I changes the fluid in the blood which messes with the elecrtolyte levels that also effect diabetes

26
Q

What drug is used for increased crnial pressure and glaucoma patients? How do we know it is effective

A

mannitol

27
Q

what are normal sodium levels? What are symptoms of hypernatremia? Hyponatremia?

A

Sodium: 135-145 mEq/L

Hypernatremia:
Mild: Thirst, weakness, confusion, nausea
Severe: muscle twitching, confusion, cerebral hemorrhage

Hyponatremia:
Mild: mental status change, HA, Ataxia, lethargic
Severe: confusion, loss of consciousness, seizure, death, coma bounding pulse, low BP

28
Q

What are normal potassium levels? Symptoms of hyperkalemia? Hypokalemia?

A

Potassium: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Hyperkalemia: ECG changes, dysrhythmias, palpitations, muscle cramps, weakness, cardiac arrest

Hypokalemia: Arrhythmias (tachycardia, irregular rhythm or bradycardia), lethargy, fatigue, leg cramps, weakness, bradycardia, cardiac arrest

29
Q

What are normal calcium levels? Signs of hyper calcemia? Hypocalcemia?

A

Calcium:9-10.5 mg/dL

Hypercalcemia: Muscle weakness, diminished deep tendon reflexes (hyporeflexia), depression, headache, kidney stones, abnormal heart rhythm

Hypocalcemia: “CATS” Convulsions, seizures, Arrhythmias, Tetany, Spasms & Stridor; positive Chvostek’s sign, Trousseau’s sign, increased deep tendon reflexes, seizures

30
Q

What are S/S of chronic bronchitis?

A

daily productive cough for 3+ months 2 years in a row
overweight
cianotic
elevated Hgb
peripherial edema
rhonchi and wheezing

31
Q

What are S/S of emphysema?

A

permanent destruction og airspace distal to terminal bronchiole
affects older people
thin
sever dyspnea
quiet chest
x-ray: flattened diaphragam

32
Q

What are the 3 main kidney function tests, normal lab values and what they indicate?

A

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)
10-20 mg/dL
increases with protein breakdown, inpaired renal function, DKA, burns, dehydration

Cr
0.6-1.2 mg/dL
increases with muscle breakdown, impaired renal function, HF, shock, dehydration

GFR
>60
best indicator of renal function, but difficult to calculate

33
Q

What is the nature of crystalloid solutions?

A

cost effective
small molecules
quick acting
minimal reactions

34
Q

What is the nature of colloid solutions?

A

expensive
large molecules
longer lasting
allergic reactions are common
hypocoagualbility
renal issues

35
Q

What is infant kernicterus?

A

jaundice,

36
Q

What are the fisrt nursing considerations with electrolyte deficiencies?

A

identify those at risk: med use, renal issues, thyroid issues
education about diet
monitor imbalances

37
Q

What are the conditions related to preeclamsia? S/S?

A

hemolysis
elevated liver enzymes
low platelt count

nausea, headache, chest pain, upper right abdominal pain, edema

38
Q

What nursing intereventions do not require and order for respiratory difficulty?

A

sitting pt up in high howlers
tripod/orthopedic position
cough and deep breath
rest

Pharm II (8 decks)

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