Exam 3

Question 1

What are the 5 diuretic classes

Answer 1

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
loop diuretics
potassium sparinng diuretics
thiazide diuretics
osmotic diuretics

Question 2

What meds affect the proximal convuluted tubule?

Answer 2

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
osmotic diuretics

Question 3

What is a notable AE if furosimide?

Answer 3

ototoxicity/tinnitis

Question 4

What type or serum are dextran 40 and albumin?

Answer 4

colloid solution

Question 5

What are meds for metabolic accidosis? Metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 5

sodium bicarbonate

ammonium chloride
sodium choloride/potassium chloride

Question 6

What is a maitenance bronchodialtor?

Answer 6

salmeterol

Question 7

Which bronchodilator needs labs monitored and interects with a lot of other meds? What happens with toxicity? Whatis the thereputic range? What to avoid?

Answer 7

theophyline

tachycardia, HTN, tremors, anxiety, angina, heart attack, dryrhythmias

10-20

caffiene

Question 8

What med is for dry cough? Productive cough?

Answer 8

dextromethorphan

guaifenisen

Question 9

What do diutetics do?

Answer 9

increase sodium retention

Question 10

What are crystaloid fluids? Colloid fluids?

Answer 10

Iso, hyper and hyptotonic

Dextran 40
Albumin

Question 11

What type of conditions would lactated ringers be the best solution for treatent?

Answer 11

burns and hypernatremia

Question 12

What is the concern and must be monitored when running ammonium chloride

Answer 12

cardia dysrhythmias

Question 13

What is the MOA of albuterol? Salmeterol? What should be avoid?

Answer 13

beta 2 agonist, adrenergic. Same with Salmeterol

NSAIDs because they are bronchoconstrictors

Question 14

Ipatropin and tiatropian are what kind of drugs? What do they decrease? What are their AE

Answer 14

anticholnergic

secretions in the lungs

Anticholnergic effects

Question 15

What do corticosteroids do with asthma? Examples? What is the mainpurpose of these meds? What must be done with these?

Answer 15

daily anti-inflammatory

beclomethasone, flucasone

chronic control managing the disease and eliminating the need for resue inhaler

rinse mouth out

Question 16

What is a caffeine derrivtive bronchodilator?

Answer 16

theophylline

Question 17

What is montelukast hard on? what is another difficult AE?

Answer 17

liver

agitation, SI, hallucinations,

Question 18

What is a mast cell stabelizer?

Answer 18

cromolyn

Question 19

What helps break up thick mucous? What is it a antidote drug for? What else does it protect from contrast dye? What does it smell like?

Answer 19

acetylcysteine

acetaminiophen

kindeys

rotton eggs

Question 20

What is an expectorant that increases coughing by increasing the secretion sin the lungs? What are pt teachings?

Answer 20

guafinicein

lead and folow with full glasses of water. Dehydration will make this med less effective

Question 21

What are 3 histamine blockers?

Answer 21

diphenhyydramine,, fecofenadine, loratadine

Question 22

What is the best way to take dectromethorphan? Why?

Answer 22

best on an empty stomach, wait 60 minutes to eat/drink

allows time for the drug to absorb because it is a mild drug, OTC

Question 23

What are alpha 1 agonists that help with sinus congestion? What is it contraindicated in? How long can it be taken? Why so short? What to avoid?

Answer 23

pseudophenrine/phenylephrine

cardiac problems: tachycardia, MI, HTN, HF, etc.

3-5 days

rebound congestion

caffeine and stimulants

Question 24

what are thiazides related to? who is at risk for taking?

Answer 24

sulfa drugs

those with sulfa allergy

Question 25

what is the concern of using diuretics and diabetes? Why?

Answer 25

I changes the fluid in the blood which messes with the elecrtolyte levels that also effect diabetes

Question 26

What drug is used for increased crnial pressure and glaucoma patients? How do we know it is effective

Answer 26

mannitol

Question 27

what are normal sodium levels? What are symptoms of hypernatremia? Hyponatremia?

Answer 27

Sodium: 135-145 mEq/L Hypernatremia: Mild: Thirst, weakness, confusion, nausea Severe: muscle twitching, confusion, cerebral hemorrhage Hyponatremia: Mild: mental status change, HA, Ataxia, lethargic Severe: confusion, loss of consciousness, seizure, death, coma bounding pulse, low BP

Question 28

What are normal potassium levels? Symptoms of hyperkalemia? Hypokalemia?

Answer 28

Potassium: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L Hyperkalemia: ECG changes, dysrhythmias, palpitations, muscle cramps, weakness, cardiac arrest Hypokalemia: Arrhythmias (tachycardia, irregular rhythm or bradycardia), lethargy, fatigue, leg cramps, weakness, bradycardia, cardiac arrest

Question 29

What are normal calcium levels? Signs of hyper calcemia? Hypocalcemia?

Answer 29

Calcium: 9-10.5 mg/dL Hypercalcemia: Muscle weakness, diminished deep tendon reflexes (hyporeflexia), depression, headache, kidney stones, abnormal heart rhythm Hypocalcemia: “CATS” Convulsions, seizures, Arrhythmias, Tetany, Spasms & Stridor; positive Chvostek’s sign, Trousseau’s sign, increased deep tendon reflexes, seizures

Question 30

What are S/S of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 30

daily productive cough for 3+ months 2 years in a row overweight cianotic elevated Hgb peripherial edema rhonchi and wheezing

Question 31

What are S/S of emphysema?

Answer 31

permanent destruction og airspace distal to terminal bronchiole affects older people thin sever dyspnea quiet chest x-ray: flattened diaphragam

Question 32

What are the 3 main kidney function tests, normal lab values and what they indicate?

Answer 32

BUN (blood urea nitrogen) 10-20 mg/dL increases with protein breakdown, inpaired renal function, DKA, burns, dehydration Cr 0.6-1.2 mg/dL increases with muscle breakdown, impaired renal function, HF, shock, dehydration GFR >60 best indicator of renal function, but difficult to calculate

Question 33

What is the nature of crystalloid solutions?

Answer 33

cost effective small molecules quick acting minimal reactions

Question 34

What is the nature of colloid solutions?

Answer 34

expensive large molecules longer lasting allergic reactions are common hypocoagualbility renal issues

Question 35

What is infant kernicterus?

Answer 35

jaundice,

Question 36

What are the fisrt nursing considerations with electrolyte deficiencies?

Answer 36

identify those at risk: med use, renal issues, thyroid issues education about diet monitor imbalances

Question 37

What are the conditions related to preeclamsia? S/S?

Answer 37

hemolysis elevated liver enzymes low platelt count nausea, headache, chest pain, upper right abdominal pain, edema

Question 38

What nursing intereventions do not require and order for respiratory difficulty?

Answer 38

sitting pt up in high howlers tripod/orthopedic position cough and deep breath rest