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Pharm II > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How does the heart receive blood (for itself)?

A

It feeds itself first

through the coronary arteries which provide blood supply to the heart muscle

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2
Q

What is myocardial infarction? Where does the most common blockage occur?

A

blockage of a coronary artery

left ascending artery

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3
Q

What kind of muscle controls vasoconstriction and vasodilation? What system controls it?

A

smooth muscle

ANS

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4
Q

What is a adrenergic receptor that causes vasoconstriction? Alpha 2?

A

alpha 1

vasodilation

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5
Q

How often should a person exercise to reduc risk of heart disease?

A

3-4 times per week, 30 minutes, 150 minutes per week

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6
Q

What type of prevention is talking to a pt about modifiable risk factors? What is secondary? Tertiary?

A

primary = preventative

secondary = screening

tertiary = treatment

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7
Q

What are target cholesterol levels? Total, HDL, LDL anf triglycerides

A

Female
Total: under 200 mg/dL
HDL: 35-80 mg/dL (women) 35-65 (men)
LDL: less than 130
Triglycerides: less than 150

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8
Q

What are the most common antilipemics? other names? What is HMG-CoA?

A

the statins

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

an enzyme

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9
Q

What is myopathy? what contraindication with the statin meds can cause it?

A

muscle pain

rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown)

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10
Q

Do cholesterol drugs cause hypotension?

A

no, they do not lower blood pressure

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11
Q

What are 8 causes of HTN?

A

hyperlipidemia
Fluid volume overload
high salt intake
smoking
stress
atherosclerosis
pheochromocytoma (tumor on the pituitary)
Chshing’s disease

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12
Q

What 3 catergories will blood pressure medication fall under?

A

altering blood volume
reduces peripheral resistance
alter the heart function–contractility and CO

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13
Q

What are some s/s of hypertensive crisis? What are they at risk for?

A

HA
blurry vision
agitation
tachycardia

stroke

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14
Q

What is the lowest blood pressure reading where you would still take your antihypertensives? HR? Why?

A

90/60 or above (general rule)

60 or above

risk of rebound hypertension

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15
Q

What are the 5 cardiac rules?

A

change positions slowly

BP less than 90/60 hold the med, call HCP

HR less than 60 or greater than 100, hold med call HCP

Never abruptly stop med

Daily weight: gain for loss of more that 2lbs/day or
5lbs/week call HCP

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16
Q

What is inotrope? Chronotrope? Dromotrope?

A

inotrope: contractility

chronotrope: heart rate (how fast beating)

dromotrope: electrical conduction

17
Q

What drugs are usually first-line with HTN?

A

hydrochlorothiazide
ACE inhibitors

18
Q

What are the medications that affect the heart itself (inotropic/chronotropic)

A

beta blockers

19
Q

What is the difference between cardio selective and non-selective beta blockers? Who cannot use a non-selective beta blocker?

A

cardio selective affect only the heart
non-selective affects heart and lungs

asthma, COPD

20
Q

What issues can beta blocker mask? Use carefully with who?

A

hypoglycemia–low blood sugar because it turns off SNS

Diabetics
Sepsis (masks low blood pressure)

21
Q

What can beta blockers be used for besides HTN? What should you not use it for?

A

stable heart failure
stable Afib (combined with blood thinner)
CAD

heart block, AV block

22
Q

What is the difference between reflex tachycardia and 1st dose phenomenon? What med is used with reflex tachycardia

A

1st dose: BP drops lower than 90/60
Reflex: normal BP, increased HR

beta blocker

23
Q

What is a normal troponin level?

A

0.04 or less

24
Q

ONAM. What is the initial treatment for MI?

A

Oxygen
nitroglycerin (widen the artery around the blockage)
aspirin (platelet aggregation)
morphine (slows HR, pain)

25
Q

Why must we prevent anginas from occurring even with stable angina?

A

any time there is angina there is ischemia. Causes scarring in time and permanent damage

26
Q

What does the U wave indicate? elevated T wave?

A

hypokalemia

hyperkalemia

27
Q

How do meds treat dysrythmias?

A

negative dromotrope

28
Q

What do you try first before giving adenosine?

A

valsalva maneuver

29
Q

What are the 3 generations of beta blockers? What do the affect? prototypes?

A

1st gen: non-selective beta2
affects heart and lungs
propranolol, nadolol

2nd gen: cardioselective beta1
heart
metropolol, atenolol, esmolol

3rd gen: alpha and beta blockers
carvedilol, labetalol

30
Q

Do dihydropyridine CCBs affect the heart? How do nondihydropyradine affect the heart?

A

No

decreases contractility

31
Q

What meds cause coughing

A

ACE inhibitors

32
Q

What causes hyperkalemia?

A

ACEs, ARBs

33
Q

What does digoxin toxicity look like? What is the antidote?

A

dizzy, seeing halos, weird vision

digiband ??

Pharm II (8 decks)

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