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Pharm II > Exam 5 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is closed angle glaucoma? Open angle? What is the problem? What is the damage it causes?

A

Closed angle: medical emergency. Acute problem, actively going blind

Open angle: chronic, too much fluid or insufficient drainage. Canal of schlem, drainage of fluid. If unable to drain the pressure increases

Eye may make too much aqueous humor, with pressure less than 30 or less than it causes pain

Puts pressure on the optic nerve

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2
Q

What med class is timolol? What does it treat? How does it work? Adverse effects? Who is it contraindicated with? Why?

A

non-selective beta blocker

open-angle glaucoma

Decreases the production of aqueous humor

blurry vision, bradycardia, CHF, depression, burning, stinging

Asthma and obstructed airways, heart issues, diabetics

It vasconstricts,

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3
Q

What is the prostaglandin analogue med for open-angle glaucoma? What does it do? Adverse effect?

A

latanoprost

increases outflow of aqueous humor

can pigment eye lashes and eyelid skin

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4
Q

What is a cholinergic med for closed angle glaucoma? What does it do?

A

pilocarpine

causes pinpoint pupils and bradycardia because it is cholinergic

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5
Q

What is a secondary treatment for open-angle glaucoma? What does it do? Which similar med if for closed angle emergent glaucoma?

A

dorzolamide

decreases aqueous humor production

acetazolamide

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6
Q

What diuretic is indicated with closed angle glaucoma? What happens if that fluid is taken of so quickly?

A

mannitol

HF, electrolyte imbalances. pulmonary edema, peripherial edems becausee a ton of fluid is being pulled

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7
Q

What is best for inner ear infections, otitis media? Why? What is best for swimmer’s ear, otitis externa?

A

amoxicillin

because it needs a systemic antibiotic because it’s tough to get the antibiotic there with a drop.

ciprofloxacin w/ dexamethasone

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8
Q

What are the antidotes for the following:
acetaminophen
anticholinergic drugs
benzos
beta-adrenergic blockers
CCBs
digoxin
heavy metals
opioids

A

acetylcysteine
physostigmine
flumazenil
glucagon
calcium/insulin/IV glucose
digibind
chelator
naloxone

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9
Q

What is used if there is a toxin inthe stomach?

A

activated charchoal

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10
Q

What is a chelating agent for heavy metals?

A

dimercaprol

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11
Q

What are good sources of vitamin A? What can it do with oral contraceptives?

A

liver, egg, whole mil, butter, green and yellow vegs

Increase hypervitaminosis

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12
Q

What does vitamin D help with

A

maintain clacium and phosphate levels

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13
Q

What is vitamin K vital for? What is it an antidote for? Who is it given to as a matter of course?

A

clotting factors

warfarin

newborns to help with clotting

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14
Q

What are the B vitamins affected by alcoholism? What is B6? What is a side effect? Food sources?

A

Vitamin B 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9

pyridoxine

peripherial neuropathy

yeast, wheat, corn, organ meats

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15
Q

What is B9? Who is at risk for deficiency? With macrocytic anemia what are the 3 important triad needed?

A

folic acid

alcohol, malabsorption, pregnancy, macrocytic anemia

folate, B12 and iron

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16
Q

Who may need B12 supplementation? Food sources

A

malabsorption, begetarianism, macrocytic anemia, gatritis and perniscous anemia

meats, liver, kidenys, fortified cereals

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17
Q

What is the adverse effects of ferrous sulfate? What can be done if not tolerated in GI?

A

GI upset, black stool, constipation, hemochromatosis (too much iron), stains of teeth

IV iron

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18
Q

What must bedone sith potassium chloride? Is it painful?

A

must be diluted

yes

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19
Q

What is an additional indication of magnesium sulfate in addition to being used as a laxative? SE?

A

stop preterm labor

diarrhea, muscle weakness, heart

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20
Q

what is a formula supplementation for someone with a functioning GI tract? Malabsorption or not fully functioning? What is for most sever contition? What can be very specific (a la carte)?

A

polymeric formula

monomeric/elemental

oligomeric/semi-elemental

modular

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21
Q

What are complications of TPN

A

mechanical
metabolic: hyper or hypoglycemia, fluid overload
sepsis

22
Q

What is a med that blocks lipid absorption? What are the icky side effects?

A

orlistat

wet farts, oily stool, fecal urgency

can inhibit fat-soluble vitamin absorption, must separate for a 2 hours

23
Q

What is a med that is a sympathetic stimulator to help with obesity?

A

phentermine

24
Q

What can be done outside of medications for stomach ulcerations?

A

stop alcohol, smoking, spicy foods, NSAIDS, etc…

25
Q

How is H. pylori treated?

A

1 PPI, 2 antibiotics and pepto:
omeprazole
amoxicillin
metronidazole
pepto bismol

26
Q

What is the histamine reducer for gastric acids? Is it a daily basis drug? What is a risk? why?

A

famotidine

yes

pneumonia, reduces body’s defenses agiainst infection

27
Q

What are adverse effects of omeprazole?

A

b12 deficiency, malabsorption of iron and calcium, osteoporosis, GI infections, N/D, HA

28
Q

What is the risk of sucralfate?

A

it’s like a sugar. Diabetics–be minful of glucose

29
Q

What helps with protect from the effects of chronic NSAID use? Who is it contraindicatedin?

A

misoprostol

pregnancy X, can cause abortion

30
Q

What does metoclopramide affect? What is it indicated ofr? What can it cause? If it reduces dopamine who is it contraindicated in?

A

dopamine antagonist

N/V from chemo, post-operative N/V, GERD, lazy stomach

EPS, dystonia symptoms, sedation

EPS, parkinson’s, bowel obstruction

31
Q

What can be given for constipation?

A

senna

32
Q

What is a osmotic sugar for constipation?

A

lactulose

33
Q

With psyllium what is patient education about preventing constipation?

A

2-3 L water a day
full glass before and after taking

34
Q

What is for dirrhea? why does it have atropine?

A

diphenoxylate

so it is not abused

35
Q

What is used with ulcerative colitis and chrohn’s to reduce inflammation? AEs?

A

sulfasalazine

N/V/D, dyspepsia, steven’s johnson, photosensitivity, liver toxicity, bone marrow supression

36
Q

What must you be careful with ondansteron?

A

QT prolongation

37
Q

What is commonly used with cystic fobrosis or pancreatic secretion deficiency? What is a strange allergy to be aware of with this med?

A

pancrelipase

pork allergy

38
Q

what is a med for post-op N/V similar to ondansteron?

A

aprepitant

39
Q

What helps increase appetitie when there is chronic nausea, such as with AIDs?

A

dronabinol

40
Q

What is an anticholinergic to dry up post-op secretions and N/V?

A

scopolamine

41
Q

What is dimenhydrinate? What is the most common adverse effect?

A

dramamine

sedating, fatique

42
Q

What is for females only with IBS? why is it contraindicated in men?

A

alosetron

seen to cause ischemic colitis and death

43
Q

What is used for IBS with constipation or chronic constipation? What does it cause

A

lubiprostone

GI upset

44
Q

Where can estrogen cause cancer? What is pt is a smoker?

A

breast, ovarian, endometrial, blood clots

go with progesterone only

45
Q

What are SE of testosterone? PT education?

A

agression, acne, increased hair growth, liver, hyperlipidemia, prostate cancer, breast cancer

No grapefruit, wash hands

46
Q

What is used for prostate and hair growth? Is it short term or long term?

A

finasteride

long term, takes 4-6 months to shrink prostate

47
Q

What is the short term prostate drug? AE?Why?

A

tamsulosin

OH, opens up vessels

48
Q

What is the med for erectile dysfunction and HT? What should pt avoid?

A

sildenafil (Viagra)

avaoid grapefruit, take 4 hours to sexual activity

49
Q

What helps with infertility?

A

clomiphene

50
Q

What can induce labor? Contraidications?

A

oxytocin

unripe cervix, genital herpes, hx of multiple births, prolapsed umilical cord

51
Q

What is B2 agonist for asthma?

A

terbutaline

52
Q

What is given to reduce neonatal respiratory distress to increase lung function?

A

betamethasone

Pharm II (8 decks)

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