Exam 3 Flashcards
(35 cards)
What are Carnegie Stages?
First 9 weeks, not dependent on age/size, dependent on external/internal morphology development
Human Growth Pattern
Begins at conception, non-linear, deviations=major developmental issues, Canalized=on a tightly programmed course, Variation=problem, Natural selection acts against variation of this type
Senescence
Is a biological, chemical and cellular change process than can be harmful
Cellular Level: Enlarge and flatten and membrane rigidity increases, gene expression changes
Aging
number, social system
Embryonic Period
3-8 weeks, cephalic-caudal (head to tail), Limbs, eyes, ears, reproductive organs
Sex Differences (Sexual Dimorphism)
Start the same, Femals have growth spirt earlier, then boys grow bigger
Post-Natal Growth Stages
- Infancy
- 0-2 - Childhood
- 2-12
- Juvenile period 7-puberty (“pre-puberty”) - Adolescence
- begins with puberty, growth spurt, and adulthood
Adipose Tissue (AT)
- Firm Fat
- White AT: Result of storing excess calories
- Brown AT: Metabolically active, heat production
Immune System Growth
- In utero it’s reliant on mom’s immune system, then depends on colostrum (begining breast milk), then individual development
Neurological Growth
- 95% adult size by age 6
- first thing to begin development
Thymus
An organ that allows for T cells to grow and multiply, part of the lymphatic system.
Fetal Period
8-9 weeks full term, Major growth in size; organ and heigh, non linear growth
Critical Periods in Development
Period of the Ovum: 1-2 (weeks)
Period of the Embryo: 3-8
Period of the Fetus: 12-38
What is Adiposity?
Being severely overweight, is environmental (stress in utero)
“Thrifty” Phenotype
Adiposity, is environmental stress in utero impacts how DNA is read and will “pre-adapt” to the current stress for future environment
Life Expectancy (Longevity)
Number of years a newborn is expected to live. Varies across populations and between sexes.
- Secular trend (consistent)
Grandma Hypothesis
Women live past menopause to help raise the new generation
How to Live 101 Summary
How Many People Can Live on Planet Earth Summary
Sex Determination
SRY: Sex-determining Region on Y gene
Region on short arm of chromosome
Premature Brith
More than 3 weeks early, Survival is unlikely, pulmonary (lung) and neurological impairments
Maximum Lifespan
Does NOT vary across populations or between sexes
Max time members observed to survive (122 yrs)
Hayflick Limit
Cell Replication and Division limit
Musculoskeletal System
- Sarcopenia: Muscle mass loss and functional decline
- Osteoporosis: Bone becomes more cellular, Osteoclasts and osteoblasts, related to estrogen levels (women more likely to have osteoporotic fractures)
