Exam 3 Flashcards
(25 cards)
First Crusade
1095-99; Unorganized invasion of Jerusalem, separated into 4 states
Saladin
Muslim leader that retook control of Jerusalem following the first crusade
Alexius Comnenus
Byzantine emperor that asked for help against Ottoman Turk invaders in1093
People’s crusade
the beginning phase of the first crusade mainly executed by untrained peasants
Communes/states
four states established by crusaders in 1098: Antioch, Edessa, Tripoli, and Jerusalem
Gregorian reform
Reforms in the catholic church regarding clergy and simony
Bernard of Clairvaux
abbot, mystic, and co-founder of knights templar; urged for 2nd crusade
Pope Urban II
called for first crusade in council of Clairmont
Second crusade
1145-1149; unsuccessful attempt to retake county of Edessa after its fall
Clermont
where the council of clermont was held
Gregory VII
pope that fought with Henry IV in electing laypeople as bishops
Fourth crusade
crusaders couldn’t afford to travel to the middle east and sacked Constantinople instead.
Lais
short romance fictional stories innovated by Marie de France
Chretien de Troyes
french poet that wrote romances about arthurian characters
Lady Ermengarde
Viscountess of Narbonne; 5 judgements of love from “Treatise on Courtly Love” attributed to her
Tristan and Isolde
medieval chivalric romance based on Celtic legend
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Queen of France and England; legend says she invented courtly love
Andreas Capellanus
author that wrote “The Art of Courtly Love,” which detailed how courtly love should work in each of the classes of society
troubadours
writers and performers of lyric poetry during the high middle ages
Lanval
one of the Lais of Marie de France; about knight of Arthur who is wooed by a fairy
Marie of Champagne
daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine
minstrels
musician, juggler, acrobat, singer or fool; medieval entertainer
Laustic
A breton lai by Marie de France; a lady cheats on her husband and says she is listening to a nightingale
jongleurs
traveling minstrels
