Exam 3 Flashcards
(61 cards)
1
Q
medical tourism
A
going to different countries for certain medical care
2
Q
malnutrition (3 types)
A
undernutrition, micronutrient-related malnutrition, overweight
3
Q
undernutrition
A
wasting (low weight for height), stunting (low height for age), underweight (low weight for age)
4
Q
micronutrient-related malnutrition
A
micronutrient deficiencies or excess
5
Q
overweight
A
obesity + diet related noncommunicable diseases- heart disease, stroke, DM, cancers
6
Q
malnutrition factors
A
economic, education, social, personal
7
Q
pellagra
A
deficient in niacin (B3)
8
Q
scurvy
A
deficient in vit C
9
Q
rickets
A
deficient in vit D
10
Q
Kwashiorkor
A
- protein deficient, may be getting enough cal.
- edema, enlarged liver, fluid shift
11
Q
marasmus
A
- protein and cal. malnutrition
- shrunken body, no muscle mass, no SQ tissue
12
Q
vitamin A def can lead to what deficits
A
vision
12
Q
primary determinant of health is
A
environment
13
Q
environmental media
A
air, water, soil, food
14
Q
toxicology
A
studying negative health effects of chemical exposure
15
Q
dose effect/reponse
A
amount of exposure directly related to the impact
16
Q
types of exposure
A
lead (houses pre 1978), asbestos, radon, pesticides
17
Q
environment protection prevention
A
- education, waste minimization, proper land use
- controls + standards for gov. structures
18
Q
solution to pollution is
A
dilution (ex: air diffuses pollution)
19
Q
environmental role for nurses
A
mitigation, response, advocate for public policy
20
Q
vulnerable pops
A
peds, pregnant/postpartum/lactating women (esp. teens), disabilities, geri, c medical disorders, mental illness, prisons, detention centers, limited English, American Indian + Alaska Native, racial, low income, single parent, public housing, homeless, LGBTQIA+, veterans
21
Q
social determinants of health
A
economic, education, physical environment, social support, access to healthcare
22
Q
vulnerable pops risk factors
A
- underdeveloped/deteriorating infrastructure
- lack of employment opportunities
- inadequate medical/social/educational services
- lack transportation/communication services
- high crime + victimization
- environmental conditions
- outmigration of young + better educated
23
Q
resiliency
A
- ability to bounce back to normal functioning post adversity
- vp may lack due to inadequate resources/coping skills
24
vulnerability aspects
social determinants, disempowerment, victim blaming, disenfranchisement, disadvantaged status
25
vulnerability outcomes
increased stress, inc hopelessness, poor health outcomes, vulnerability cycle
26
homelessness categories
- episodic: moving in and out of homelessness
- temp/transitional: lay offs, divorce, violence (catastrophic event)
- chronic: mental/physical illness, addiction, c unemployment
27
homelessness causes
- intrinsic: substance abuse, disability (phys + mental), lack of education
- extrinsic: no income, no access to employment, displacement, no access to resources, lack of affordable housing, DV, incarceration, return from military services, discrimination
28
poverty threshold
specific $ amount that varies by fam size used to determine if fam/individual can meet basic needs/qualify for certain programs
29
near poor
income just above fed guidelines, can affect eligibility
30
persistent poverty
multigenerational poverty
31
neighborhood poor
geographic areas w poor housing, poor health outcomes, high unemployment
32
3 leading deaths in US for ages 15-34
unintentional, suicide, homicide
33
5 principles trauma informed care
safety, humility + responsiveness, collab, trustworthiness + transparency, empowerment
34
violence factors
previous exposure, lack of communication + problem solving skills, easy access to firearms, inc stress, living conditions
35
victim factors
learned/acquired helplessness, acquired/congenital disability, inability to meet expectations of others, poor self esteem, social isolation
36
perpetrator factors
low self esteem, fear + distrust of others, poor self control, isolated/inadequate social skills, immature motivation for marriage/childbearing, weak coping skills
37
primary vs. secondary malnutrition
- primary: not taking in enough nutrients
- secondary: malabsorption, GI illness (Crohns, celiac, UC)
38
primary prevention (abuse)
- encourage community to take stand against violence
- actively support legislation
- reduce vulnerability by improving physical security
- teach coping skills
39
secondary prevention (abuse)
- initiate measures to reduce/terminate further abuse
- crisis intervention for fam violence
40
tertiary prevention (abuse)
- no further violence tolerated
- empower fam
- capitalize on strengths
41
disasters
- natural or man-made event that causes destruction that requires assistance
42
first stage- prevention (disaster)
mitigation, protection
43
second stage- preparedness (disaster)
personal, professional, community
44
role of CH nurse in disaster
- teach preparedness: >3 day supply food + waqter, communication plan, first aid kit
- consider needs of elderly
45
third stage- response (disaster)
- EMS, CERT, MRC, USDHHS, FEMA, ARC
- triage
46
triage
- separating casualties, allocating resource for best survival
- red: most urgent, life threatening (shock, hypoxia) if given immediate care will most likely survive
- yellow: systemic but not life threatening, can most likely wait 45-60 min without immediate risk
- green: injury localized, unlikely to deteriorate for several hours
- black: unresponsiveness w no ventilation/circulation...dead
47
fourth stage- recovery (disaster)
- fed response, emergency support functions, delayed stress reaction
48
bioterrorism
intentional release of biological agent
49
surveillance
active, 24H, multi-system involvement/communication, observe for syndromes
50
local/area response plan
-triage, treatment
- stockpiling and distribution
- communication, evacuation, morgue needs
51
agency/fed response plan
- incorporate w disaster planning
- coordinate w area response team
- train staff
- maintain communication w area response team
-prep for communication w media
52
anthrax
- spore forming bacteria found in soil
- infects animals
- cutaneous (itcy, dark black), GI (fever, chills, SOB), resp
- mailed letters in 2000s, used in WW1+2
53
anthrax prognosis
- cutaneous: mild + v treatable
- resp + GI: fatal even w treatment
- abx: PCN, doxycycline, fluroquinolones
54
smallpox hx
- considered biggest achievement of international public health
- no longer immunizing for
- 100% susceptibility in unvax, fatality rate 20-40%
- Dr. Jenner observed milkmaids immunity r/t frequent exposure to cowpox--> vax developed, 1960-70s- WHO campaign
- WHO announced eradication May 8, 1980
55
smallpox
- transmits person to person; droplet
- fluid filled vesicle
- treatment: anti-virals
- vax not for gen pop but high risk (military, lab workers)
56
varicella v smallpox
- varicella: rash present @ onset w fever, lesions more on torso, develop in diff stages
- smallpox: feel sick pre rash, sores in mouth--> spreads to face, limbs, soles, palms; lesions develop all at once (deep w pitting center)
57
tularemia
- francisella tularensis: aka rabbit fever
- infected thru tick and deer fly bites, skin contact w inf animals, drinking contaminated water, inhaling contaminated aerosols or agricultural dust
- s depend on exposure route: skin/ocular ulcer, swollen glands, resp involvement
- dx diff: lab tests + cultures
- tx: abx, prognosis good w tx
58
plague bacterium
- yersinia pestis
- transmitted by bacteria found in rodents and their fleas
- people inf by bites, touching/skinning inf animals, inhalin g droplets of inf person/animal
59
plague types
bubonic, septicemic, pneumonic
60
plague dx + tx
-dx: hx, s/s, cultures
- tx: IV gentamicin, fluroquinolones...good prognosis w prompt tx
