Exam 3

Question 1

Psychological Skills Training

Answer 1

Systematic & consistent practice of mental or psychological skills for the purpose of enhancing performance, increasing enjoyment and self-satisfaction

Question 2

methods

Answer 2

• behavior modification
• cognitive theory & therapy
• rational emotive therapy
• goal setting
• attentional control
• progressive muscle relaxation
• systematic desensitization

Question 3

Mental toughness

Answer 3

athletes ability to focus, rebound from failure, cope w/pressure, determination to persist in the face of adversity & mental resilience

Question 4

4C model

Answer 4

• control
• commitment
• challenge
• confidence

Question 5

Myths of PST

Answer 5

• PST is for “problem” athletes only
• PST is for elite training only
• PST provides “quick fix” solutions

Question 6

Education Phase

Answer 6

participants recognize how important it is to acquire psychological skills & how the skills affect performance

Question 7

Acquisition Phase

Answer 7

Focuses on strategies & techniques for learning the various psychological skills

Question 8

Practice phase

Answer 8

1) to automate skills through overlearning
2) to teach people to systematically integrate psychological skills into their performance situations
3) to stimulate skills people will want to apply to actual competition

Question 9

self-regulation

Answer 9

ability to work towards one short & long term goals by effectively monitoring & managing ones thoughts, feelings, & behaviors

Question 10

5 stage model of athlete self-regulation

Answer 10

1) problem identification
2) commitment
3) execution
4) environment management
5) generalization

Question 11

why is PST neglected

Answer 11

• lack of knowledge
• misunderstandings about psychological skills
• lack of time

Question 12

Ultimate goal of PST

Answer 12

have athletes effectively function on their own w/out constant direction from a coach or sport psychologist - self-regulation

Question 13

Percent of sport that is mental

Answer 13

at least 50% with an opponent with similar ability
- individual sports = 80%-90%

Question 14

Dark side of mental toughness

Answer 14

can lead to injury & overtraining
culture to push through pain & compete w/injuries
can lead to long term physical limitations/disabilities

Question 15

When to implement PST programs

Answer 15

best during off seasons/preseason with more time to learn new skills with less pressure

Question 16

How often to practice PST

Answer 16

10-15 minute sessions 3-5 days a week

Question 17

Technology in PST

Answer 17

• virtual reality
• eye tracking
• sonification

Question 18

mindfulness meditation

Answer 18

focus mind on an object, thought, or activity
train attention & awareness to achieve a mentally clear & emotionally calm state

Question 19

self-confidence

Answer 19

the belief that you can successfully perform a desired behavior

Question 20

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 20

expecting something to happen actually helps cause it to happen

Question 21

Roger Bannister

Answer 21

broke the 4-minute mile

Question 22

Hot hand

Answer 22

player who hits a few shots is likely to continue making baskets

Question 23

self-efficacy

Answer 23

the perception of one’s ability to perform a task successfully
a situation-specific form of self-confidence

Question 24

Theorist who developed self-efficacy

Answer 24

Albert Bandura

Question 25

sources of self-efficacy

Answer 25

- performance accomplishments - vicarious experiences - verbal persuasion - imaginal experiences - physiological states - emotional states

Question 26

most dependable form of self-efficacy

Answer 26

performance accomplishments - based on one's mastery experiences

Question 27

collective efficacy

Answer 27

- production process - focused on developing joint perceptions of capabilities and fitness to manage the upcoming competition in a successful manner - activation process - focused on getting team members believing in one another right before and during the game. - evaluation process - was about developing intrateam interpretations of experiences and incidents during the game

Question 28

self-doubt

Answer 28

- undermines performance - create anxiety - break concentration - indecisiveness

Question 29

benefit of self-doubt

Answer 29

helps maintain motivation & prevents complacency or overconfidence

Question 30

Pygmalion effect

Answer 30

higher expectations lead to improved performance in others

Question 31

uses of imagery

Answer 31

- improve concentration - enhance motivation - build confidence - control emotional responses - acquire, practice and correct sport skills - acquire and practice strategy - prepare for competition cope with pain and injury - solve problems

Question 32

PETTLEP program

Answer 32

- physical - environment - task - timing - learning - emotion - perspective

Question 33

imagery

Answer 33

the process of recalling pieces of information stored from experience and shaping these pieces into a meaningful image

Question 34

types of imagery

Answer 34

visual, kinesthetic, auditory, olfactory

Question 35

Olympic athletes who use imagery

Answer 35

90% of Olympic athletes use some form of imagery

Question 36

key characteristics of imagery

Answer 36

- modality - perspective - angle - agency - deliberation

Question 37

speed of time during imagery

Answer 37

real-time speed due to the accurate representation of movement tempo and relative timing duration

Question 38

internal imagery

Answer 38

imagine the execution of a skill from your own vantage point

Question 39

external imagery

Answer 39

you view yourself from the perspective of an outside observer

Question 40

two key elements to imagery

Answer 40

vividness controllability