Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

spyc > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Close relationships

A

important, interdependent, & longlasting; time/energy in maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Proximity

A

geographic,
residential, and other forms
of spatial closeness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Familiarity

A

The mere exposure effect:
increase in positive feelings
toward a novel stimulus based
on frequent exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Matching hypothesis

A

people of similar levels of
attractiveness gravitate toward each other; BMI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Parental investment theory:

A

species mating patterns
depend on what sex has to invest in time, energy, and
survival risk – to produce and nurture offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Reciprocal liking

A

liking those who show that they like you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Self-disclosure

A

voluntary act of sharing personal
information about yourself with another person;
reciprocity required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Relationship maintenance

A

actions/activities that sustain
desired quality of relationship; independence/stability/
protection; spontaneous/planned; long-distance vs. local

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Social exchange theory

A

interpersonal relationships
governed by perceptions of costs/rewards exchanged in
interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Investments

A

things people contribute to a relationship; no
return at the end of the relationship; exchange vs.
communal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Heterosexism

A

assumption all individuals/
relationships are heterosexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Triangular theory of love

A

Sternberg; all love experiences
are made up of intimacy, passion, and commitment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adult attachment

A
  1. Secure: 50%+; easy trust, comfortable with mutual
    dependence, longest-lasting relationship; fewest divorce
    rates; rarely worry of abandonment from partner
  2. Avoidant: 25%; fear/feel comfortable getting close to
    others; maintain emotional distance; lowest incidence of
    positive relationship experiences
  3. Anxious/ambivalent: 20%; obsessive; extreme jealousy
    based on fears of abandonment; shortest duration of
    relationships
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The course of romantic love

A

*Passion peaks at the
beginning and decreases over
time
*Intimacy and commitment
increase over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Loneliness

A

occurs when a person has fewer interpersonal
relationships than desired or when these relationships are not as
satisfying as desired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Conquering loneliness

A
  • Internet
  • Resist temptation to withdraw from social situations
  • Cultivate social skills
  • Social skills training
  • Break habit of self-defeating attributions
  • Cognitive therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Marriage

A

legally/socially union of sexually intimate adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cohabitation

A

living together in
a sexually intimate relationship
outside of marriage; 66% of
couples in US therefore is the
norm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Polygamy

A

having more than one spouse at a time (i.e., Mormonism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Endogamy

A

tendency for people to marry within their own social
group (i.e., same race, religion, ethnic background, and social class)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Homogamy

A

tendency for people to marry others with similar
personal characteristics (i.e., physical attractiveness, attitudes,
values, marital history, vulnerability to psychological disorders)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Monogamy

A

having one spouse at a time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Family life cycle

A

orderly sequence of developmental stages families progress
through
6-stage model:
1. Between families: the unattached young adult (accepting parent/offspring
separation)
2. The joining of families through marriage: the newly married couple
(commitment to new system)
3. The family with young children (accepting new members into the system)
4. The family with adolescents (flexibility/boundaries/child independence)
5. Launching children and moving on (accepting exists/entries into family
system)
6. The family in later life (accepting shifting generational roles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Divorce rates

A
  • Most common demographics: black, low income, less education,
    cohabitation, younger couples
  • Most common reason: communication issues
  • Unhappy married couples vs. getting divorced – poorer health, lower
    life satisfaction
  • Self-compassion = less post-divorce stress
  • Children can adjust well after 2-3 years; 25% show serious
    psychological/emotional problems in adulthood
  • Age, coping, adjustment prior to divorce -> moderate effects of
    divorce on kids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Intimate partner violence
aggression toward those in a close relationship to the aggressor
26
Incidence and Consequences OF Intimate partner violence
* 24 people per minute are victims of rape, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner in US * Women are 85% of nonfatal violent crimes; 75% of murders by spouses
27
Protecting oneself from date rape
Rohypnol, GHB; odorless, tasteless; benign to fatal results
28
Gender
the state of being male/female
29
Sex
biological based differences between male/female
30
Gender stereotypes
widely shared beliefs about male/ female abilities, personality traits, and social behavior
31
Psychological Gender Differences
* Men are more likely to abuse alcohol and drugs; women are more likely to develop eating disorders * Body image: consists of one’s attitudes, beliefs, feelings about one’s body
32
Social role theory
minor gender differences are exaggerated by different social roles
33
Differences between gender and brain use
* Men: rely on left brain for verbal processing; right brain or spatial processing * Women: greater communication between both sides of brain equally
34
Left brain
verbal, mathematical processing
35
Right brain
visual-spatial, nonverbal processing
36
Neurosexism
using biological findings to support preexisting gender stereotypes
37
Hormonal influences on gender
* Female: XX * Male: XY
38
Socialization
acquisition of norms/roles expected of people in any given society
39
Gender-role
cultural expectations about what is appropriate for each gender
40
Sources of gender socialization
1. Parents: gender-appropriate play activities, books, attentiveness to emotions 2. Peers: 4-6 gendered groups, 6-12 same gender groups, 3-11 boys are devalued more than girls for dressing feminine while girls are devalued more when playing boyish activities 3. Schools: Teacher, academic counseling gender bias 4. The Media: 2-11 24 hours 16 minutes/week watching television; gender biases in programs, commercials, stations (i.e., Nickelodeon); video games, sports
41
Gender role expectations for males
1. Achievement 2. Aggression 3. Sexuality 4. Stoicism
42
Gender role expectations for females
1. Marriage mandate 2. Motherhood mandate 3. Work outside of the home Problems with the female role
43
Gender-role identity
your identification with qualities regarded as masculine or feminine
44
Androgyny
coexistence of masculine and feminine traits in one person
45
Gender-role transcendence perspective
to be fully human, people need to move beyond gender roles as a way of organizing their perceptions of themselves and others
46
Sexism
discrimination against people on basis on their gender
47
Glass ceiling
prevents women/ethnic minorities from being advanced to top level positions
48
Sexual identity
personal qualities, self-perceptions, attitudes, values, preferences that guide sexual behavior 1. Sexual orientation 2. Body image 3. Sexual values and ethics 4. Erotic preferences
49
Homosexual
50
Gonads
sex glands
51
Androgens
male sex hormones
52
Estrogen
female sex hormones
53
Gender dysphoria
psychological disorder; distress about the difference between gender identity and assigned birth
54
Heterosexual
attracted to the opposite sex
55
Homosexual
attracted to the same sex
56
Bisexual
attracted to same/opposite sex
57
Asexual
does not experience sexual attraction; experiences emotional/romantic attraction
58
Psychosocial influences on sexual identity
* Environmental factors: no research support * Biological factors: hormones during prenatal period * Genetic factors: fraternal birth order
59
Gender differences in sexual socialization
* Men have sex somewhat more frequently and have more sex partners. * Men are more permissive in their attitudes toward sex in general (however, the magnitude of this difference has decreased over time). * Women are more likely than men to feel negative emotions (e.g., shame, guilt, fear) in response to sex. There were a few areas in which men and women differed to a greater degree. Here is a summary of some of the larger differences they uncovered: * Men are more likely to engage in casual sex (sex with a stranger or acquaintance). * Men are more likely to engage in masturbation. * Men are more likely to use pornography
60
Origins of sexual orientation
mainly parental hormone secretion during pregnancy and possibly which parent the child got along with the most, having a twin siblings or just siblings of same sex
61
Homophobia
fear/intolerance of homosexuals * Greater rates of depression/anxiety * Disclosure is risky
62
Sexual response cycle
There are similarities and differences between men and women in patterns of sexual arousal. Pattern A, which culminates in orgasm and resolution, is the most typical sequence for males and females. Pattern B, which involves sexual arousal without orgasm followed by a slow resolution, is also evident in males and females, but it is more common among females. Pattern C, which involves multiple orgasms, is found almost exclusively in females, as males go through a refractory period before they are capable of another orgasm. (Based on Masters & Johnson, 1966)
63
Communication about sex
1. Fear of appearing ignorant 2. Concern about partner’s response 3. Conflicting attitudes about sex 4. Negative sexual experiences
64
Prevalence of infidelity in committed relationships
most commonly reported among LGBTQ+
65
contraceptive methods
IUD, Diaphragm with spermicidal cream or jelly, M/F condom, sponge, cervical cap with spermicidal cream or jelly, spermicides, fertility awareness, female sterilization,
66
Sexually transmitted disease (STD)
disease/ infection transmitted primarily through sexual contact
67
Prevention of STD
contraceptives, testing, monogamy
68
Sexual dysfunction
impairments in sexual functioning that cause subjective distress which can be caused by physical impairment or come from a psychological phenomenon

spyc (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions