Exam 3 Flashcards by Heather Hollis

that which an individual is entitled (by ethical, legal, or moral standards) to have, or to do,or to receive from others within the limits of the law

right

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the level of participation and interaction between individuals and between subsystems.

boundaries

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________ denote physical and psychological space individuals identify as their own.

Boundaries

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a state of mental confusion and excitement characterized by disorientation to time and place, often with hallucinations, incoherent speech, and a continual state of aimless physical activity

delirium

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difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep

insomnia

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a mental state in which there is a severe loss of contact with reality. symptoms may include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech patterns, and bizarre or catatonic behaviors

psychosis

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use of psychoactive drugs that poses significant hazards to health and interfers with social, occupational, psychological, or physical functioning

substance abuse

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an interactive process of transmitting information between two or more entities

communication

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a systematic, dynamic process by which the registered nurse, through interaction with the patient, family, groups, communities, populations, and health care providers, collects and analyzes data

assessment

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a collection of individuals whose association is founded on shared commonalities of interest,values, norms, or purpose

group

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the ability to see beyond outward behavior, and sense accurately another’s inner exeperiencing

empathy

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the physiological and mental readjustment that accompanies the discontinuation of an addictive substance

withdrawal

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thought processes that are focused on specifics rather than on generalities and immediate issues rather than eventual outcomes

concrete thinking

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an idea that one holds to be true/ it can be rational, irrational, taken on fait, or a stereotypical idea

belief

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an anesthetic used in veterinary medicine/ used illegally as a hallucinogen/ referred to as PCP or angel dust

phencyclidine

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end results that are measurable, desirable, and observable, and translate into observable behaviors

outcomes

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a dynamic, systematic process by which nurses assess, diagnose, identify outcomes, plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care

nursing process

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relating to the mental processes of thinkin and reasoning

cognitive

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a variety of elements that influence how an individual perceives and responds to a stressful event

predisposing factors

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false personal beliefs, not consistent with a person’s intelligence or cultural background

delusions

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study of the biological transmission of certain characteristics (physical and behavioral) from parent to offspring

genetics

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a variety of responses that originate outside the pyramidal tracts and in the basal ganglion of the brain/ symptoms may include tremors, chorea, dystonia, akinesia, akathisia, and others.

extrapyramidal symptoms

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restoration of the body to homeostasis following a physiological and/or psychological response to stress

adaptation

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the separation of a thought or a memory from the feeling tone or emotions associated with it

isolation

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harsh physical or verbal actions intended (either consciously or unconsciously) to harm or injure another

aggression

the composite of beliefs and feelings that one holds about oneself at a given time, formed from perception of others' reactions

self concept

the behavioral expression of emotion; may be appropriate, inappropriate, constricted or blunted, or flat

affect

the need for increasingly larger or more frequent doses of a substance in order to obtain the desired effects originally produced by a lower dose

tolerance

refusal to acknowledge the existence of a real situation and/or the feelings associated with it

denial

maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms, and interfere with the individual's social, occupational, and/or physical functioning

mental illness

antipsychotic medication used to prevent or control psychotic symptoms

neuroleptic

medication that affects psychic function, behavior, or experience

psychotropic medication

muscular weakness; or a loss or partial loss of muscle movement; a type of extrapyramidal side effect associated with some antipsychotic medications

akinesia

extremely low levels of white blood cells/ symptoms include sore throat, fever, and malaise/ this may be a side effect of long term therapy with some antipsychotic medications

agranulocytosis

the part of the brain that is sometimes called the emotional brain

limbic system

a state of disequilibrium that occurs when there is a disharmony between demands occuring within an individual's internal or external environment and his/her ability to cope with those

stress

a side effect of some antipsychotic medications/ symptoms mimic those of Parkinson's disease, such as tremor, shuffling gait, drooling, and rigidity

psuedoparkinsonism

an attack of involuntary deviation and fixation of the eyeballs, usually in an upward position. may last for several minutes or hours and may occur as an extrapyramidal side effect of some medications

oculogyric crisis

a group of compounds that includes opium, opium derivatives, and synthetic substitutes

opioids

persistent repetition of the same word or idea in response to different questions

perserveration

the parrot-like repetition, by an individual with loose ego boudaries, of the words spoken by another

echolalia

a term that implies extreme suspiciousness

paranoia

characterized by persecutory delusions and hallucinations of a threatening nature

paranoid schizophrenia

a group of words that are put together in a random fashion without any logical connection

word salad

mental operations that relate to logic, awareness, intellect, memory, language, and reasoning powers

cognition

an individual's sustained emotional tone, which significantly influences behavior, personality, and perception

mood

vague diffuse apprehension that is associated with feelings of uncertainty and helplessness

anxiety

cessation of the neses; may be a side effect of some antipsychotic medications

amenorrhea

french for "middle" the english translation connotes surroundings or environment

milieu

new words that an individual invents that are meaningless to others, but have symbolic meaning to the psychotic person

neologsim

the voluntary assumption of inappropriate or bizarre postures

posturing

a focus, inward on a fantasy world, while distorting or excluding the external environments; common in schizophrenia

autism

a form of psychotherapy, the goal of which is to modify maladaptive behavior patterns by reinforcing more adaptive behaviors

behavior therapy

attributing to another person feelings or impulses unacceptable to oneself

projection

restlessness; an urgent need for movement; a type of extrapyramidal side effect associated with some antipsychotic medications

akathisia

excessive demonstration of or obsession with religious ideas and behavior; common in schizophrenia

religiosity

the process of modifying one's behavior in changed circumstances or an altered environment in order to fufill psychological, physiological, and social needs

adjustment

a unilateral severance of the professional relationship between a health care provider without reasonable notice at a time when there is still a need for continuing health care

abandonment

an alteration in the perception or experience of the self so that the feeling of one's own reality is temporarily lost

depersonalization

the act of pleading for, supporting, or representing a cause or an indvidual

advocacy

a treatment modality aimed at changing undesirable behaviors, using a system of reinforcement to bring about the modifications desired

behavior modification

one of the three elements of the personality identified by Freud as the rational self

ego

a system in which the parts of the whole may be the marital dyad, parent-child dyad, or sibling groups

family system

an individual with loose ego boundaries attempting to identify with another person by imitating movments that the other person makes

echopraxia

a misperception of a real external stimulus

illusion

to use wrongfully or in a harmful way; improper treatment or conduct that may result in injury

abuse

a primitive form of thinking in which an individual believes that thinking about a possible occurrence can make it happen

magical thinking

psychological disequilibrium in a person who confronts a hazardous circumstance that constitutes an important problem that, for the time, he/she can neith escape nor solve with usual problem solving resources

crisis

enlargement of the breasts in mean; may be a side effect of some antipsychotic medications

gynecomastia

a retreat to an earlier level of development and the comfort measures associated with that level of functioning

regression

the inability to experience or even imagine any pleasant emotion

anhedonia

strong resistance to suggestions or directions; exhibiting behaviors contrar to what is expected

negativism

in learning, one shapes the behavior of another by giving reinforcements for increasingly closer approximations to the desired behavior

shaping

Freud's term for the psychic energy used to fulfill basic physiological needs or instinctual drives such as hunger, thirst, and sexuality

libido

ejaculation of the seminal fluid backward into the bladder; may occur as a side effect of antipsychotic medications

retrograde ejaculation

a reinforcement stimulus that increases the probability that the behavior will recur

positive reinforcement

in speaking, the delay of an individual to reach the point of a communication, owing to unnecessary and tedious details

circumstantiality

a condition by which the individual with schizophrenia passively yields all movable parts of the body to any efforts made at placing them in certain positions

waxy flexibility

independence; self governance

autonomy

a group of people living closed to and depending to some extent on each other

community

the sucessful adaptation to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age-appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms

mental health

the process used with individuals with dissociative identity disorder in an effort to bring al the personalities together into one; usually achieved through hypnosis

integration

the inability to get to the point of a story/ the speaker introduces many unrelated topics, until the original topic of discussion is lost

tangentiality

global impariment of coginitive functioning that is progressive and interferes with social and occupational abilities

dementia

a therapy group, founded in a specific theoretical framework, led by a person with an advanced degree in psychology, social work, nursing or medicine

group therapy

an attempt to increase self worth by acquiring certain attributes and characteristics of an individual one admires

identification

an emergency type of assistance in which the intervener becomes a part of the individual's life situation

crisis intervention

a pattern of speech in which the choice of words is governed by sounds/often takes the form of rhyming

clang association

educational opportunities through role play for the person with schizophrenia to learn appropriate social interaction skills and functional skills that are relevant to daily living

social skills training

extreme slowdown of physical movements; posture slumps; speech is slowed; digestion becomes sluggish; common in severe depression

psychomotor retardation

strategies employed by the ego for protection in the face of threat to biological or psychological integrity

ego defense mechanisms

a demand from within an individual's internal or external environment that elicits a physiological and/or psychological response

stressor

a type of bipolar disorder in which the predominant mood is elevated, expansive, or irritable. motor activity is frenzied and excessive, psychotic features may or may not be present

mania

two or more individuals who depend on one another for emotional, physical, and economic support

family

therapy that consists of a scientific structuring of the environment in order to effect behavioral changes and to improve the individual's psychological health and functioning

milieu therapy

a drug that is administered to individuals who abuse alcohol a deterrent to drinking

disulfiram

syndrome of symptoms characterized by bizarre facial and tongue movements, a stiff neck, and difficulty swallowing

tardive dyskinesia

involuntary muscular movements of the face, arms, legs and neck ; may occur as an extrapyramidal side effect of some antipsychotic medications

dystonia

the human quality that gives meaning and sense of purpose to an individual's existence

spirituality

thinking process characterized by speech in which ideas shift from one unrelated subject to another

associative looseness

a subjective state of emotional, physical, and social responses to the real or perceived los of valued entity.

grief

a rare but potentially fatal complication of treatment with neuroleptic drugs/ symptoms include severe muscle rigidity, high fever, tachycardia, fluctuations in blood pressure, diaphoresis, and rapid deterioration of mental status to stupor and coma

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

in cognitive therapy, when dysfunctional cognitions have been recognized, activities are identified that can be used to divert him/her from the intrustive thoughts or depressive ruminations that are contributing to the client's maladaptive responses

distraction

a serious psychatric disorder in which there is a gross disorganization of the personality, a marked disturbance in reality testing, and the impairment of interpersonal functioning and relationship to the external world

psychotic disorder

a frame of reference around which an individual organizes knowledge about his/her world. it includes an emotional element and can have a positive or negative connotation

attitude

a health care delivery process, the goals of which are to provide quality health care, decrease fragmentation, enhance the client's quality of life, and contain costs

case management

a stimulus arising from the internal or external environment that is perceived by an individual as taxing or exceeding his/her resources and endangering his/her well being

precipitating event

Exam 3 Flashcards

(107 cards)