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Bio 106 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Cladogran

A

a graphic representation of phylogeny

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2
Q

Egg producing structure in plants

A

Archegonium

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3
Q

The products of double fertilization

A

Zygote and primary endosperm

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4
Q

Portion of the pistil upon which pollen is deposited in the process of pollenation

A

Stigma

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5
Q

Another name for the megagametophyte in the gynmosperms and angiosperms

A

ovule

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6
Q

A heterosporous sporophyte produces what?

A

Two kinds of spores which develop into unisexual gametophytes

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7
Q

Modern prokaryotes with which plant chlorplasts share several similarities

A

Cyanobacteria

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8
Q

What is a natural group?

A

A group composed of all descendants of a given common ancestor

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9
Q

Companion cells are always found in the presence of what?

A

sieve tube elements

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10
Q

Which plant groups are composed of species that do not require free water for reproduction?

A

Angiosperms and gymnosperms

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11
Q

What plant group is composed of species with free living independent gametophytes?

A

seedless vascular plants

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12
Q

Wood is formed of what?

A

secondary xylem

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13
Q

Plant tissue that transports water and sugar from the leaves downward to the roots and all points in between

A

xylem

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14
Q

What are the four common characteristics of all modern life that have been retained from the original common ancestor?

A

DNA based storage of genetic info, universal genetic code, genetic info expressed as proteins, celuarity

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15
Q

Which plant phyla are composed of species possessing tracheids?

A

Lycophyta, Coniferophyta, Anthophyta

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16
Q

Which cells are found in xylem?

A

Tracheids and vessels

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17
Q

What part of the plant develops from the pericarp?

A

fruit

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18
Q

Which of the following plant groups are natural?

A

Angiosperms, gymnosperms, nonvascular plants, seed plants

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19
Q

Specialized sporangia associated leaves in the angiosperms

A

carpels?

20
Q

Define macroevolution

A

Change in form, function, frequencies that result in new speciation

21
Q

Which of the following conditions are essential for macroevolution?

A

Reproductive isolation and mutation

22
Q

Based on the condition of early earth environment, what traits did the first prokaryotic cells have?

A

capable of anaerobic respiration and fermentation

23
Q

Who uncovered evidence of extensive horizontal gene transfer between bacterial cells?

A

Perna

24
Q

The original common ancestor of all life on earth was most likely

A

A community of prokaryotic cells

25
Q

Plant fluid conducting cells that appear very similar to those found in fossilized prototracheophytes

A

Leptoids and hydroids

26
Q

Which trends are evident in the evolution of land plants?

A

Increased vascular complexity, reduction in gametophyte size

27
Q

Source of nutrition for developing gymnosperm sporophyte embryo

A

nucellus

28
Q

Source of nutrition for developing angiosperm megagametophyte

A

Endosperm tissue

29
Q

Size of immature angiosperm microgametophyte

A

2 cells

30
Q

Characteristics shared by species of acrhaebacteria and eukaryotes

A

Introns present, first ammino acid is methionine

31
Q

What characteristics of the common ancestor in all modern land plants?

A

Cellulose cell walls, cell plate formation during cell division

32
Q

Summarize the evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of the eukaryotic cell

A

double membranes of chloroplasts and mitochondria, presence of circular DNA in mito and chloro, mito and chloro genes lack introns, first ammino acid in mito and chloro formylmethionine, genes present in organelle DNA more closely related to prok genes than euk, and organelles reproduce via binary fission like proks

33
Q

What is an isolating barrier and give an example

A

Isolates populations that were once part of a common gene pool. Glaciation, changing sea levels, changing climates

34
Q

Who proposed the endosymbiotic theory of eukaryotic cell origin?

A

Margulis

35
Q

In plants, development begins at_____ and ends at _____?

A

Birth, death

36
Q

Define evolution

A

Process of change

37
Q

Define theory

A

coherent group of general propositions used as principles of explanation for a class of phenomena

38
Q

Define Hypothesis

A

a testable and refutable explanation for a given event

39
Q

Define species

A

individuals consistent in their physical and behavioral characteristics and physically and behaviorally distinct from individuals of other species

40
Q

Define microevolution

A

overtime populations change genetically

41
Q

Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

A

Darwin and Alfred Wallace

42
Q

Agents of organic evolution

A

mutation, gene flow, non random mating, random genetic drift, natural selection

43
Q

Who proposed the genetic equilibrium theory?

A

Hardy and Weinberg

44
Q

Define phylogeny

A

pattern of evolutionary relationships

45
Q

Tracheid characteristics

A

elongated form, lignigied secondary cell walls, pitted cell wall, dead at maturity, lack protoplasm

46
Q

Vessel element characteristics

A

elongated form, rigid secondary cell walls, pitted cell walls, dead at maturity, lack protoplasm, perforated cell plate at ends of cell

47
Q

sieve elements

A

elongated form, alive at maturity, no secondary cell wall thickening, anucleate

Bio 106 (7 decks)

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