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Developmental Psych Proitier > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Bowlby Theory of Attachment (4 Stages)

A
  1. Preattachment (birth to 6 weeks)
  2. Attachment-in-the-making (6 weeks to 6 months)
  3. Clear Cut Attachment (6 months to 18 months)
  4. Reciprocal Relationships (18 months on)
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2
Q

What study and by who tested the measurement of attachment

A

Ainsworth and Strange Situation

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3
Q

4 Patterns of Attachment

A
  1. Secure (65% of kids in us)-mother is secure base; separation anxiety; reunion is comforted by mother; Is not comforted by stranger
  2. Avoidant-no separation anxiety; ueunion child doesn’t care; mom is not a secure base
  3. Ambivalent-resistant- children are clingy and stay close to their caregiver rather then exploring the environment; uncomfortable when caregiver leaves, stranger doesn’t calm them, neither reunion calms them
  4. Disorganizaed/disoriented attachment-insecure attachment in which kids have no consistent way of coping with stree of SS; often appear dazed or confused
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4
Q

Learning Theories

A

external factors shape personality and social behavior

ex albert bandura

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5
Q

Attachment-

A

strong emotional bond that emerges between infant and caregiver (usually mom)

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6
Q

Theories of Attachment

A
  • psychoanalytic theory (freud)

- learning theory (Drive reduction explanation)

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7
Q

Phonolgical Development

A

gaining knowledge about the sound system of language

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8
Q

Phoneme

A

the smallest units of sound that change the meanings of words
-diff between mop and pop is cause by difference between 2 phonomes [m] and [p]

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9
Q

Phonoly

A

production of sounds

  • cooing vowel like utterances
  • babbling consonant vowel utterances
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10
Q

Semantics

A

how do parents learn the meanings of words

  • labeling: parents provide label; must have joint attention with parent
  • mutually exclusivity bias: unfamiliar words label new objects (each object gets 1 label)
  • whole object bias: when think of bike don’t think about the pedals or handlebars they think of the object as a whole (very useful)
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11
Q

Syntax

A

rules pertaining to the structure of language (how words are combined)
ex: “no bed” -I don’t want to go to bed

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12
Q

Overregularization

A

inappropriate application of systematic rules

ex: “he goed” instead of he went

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13
Q

pragmatics

A

rules for using language effectivitely in social context

  • turn taking
  • different situations call for form of syntax
  • talking to teacher vs other students
  • talking to parents vs. friends
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14
Q

Semantic Development

A

the learning of the system for expressing meaning in a language

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15
Q

syntactic development

A

the learning of the syntax of a language

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16
Q

pragmatic development

A

the acquisition of knowledge about how language is used

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17
Q

metalinguistic knowledge

A

understanding the properties and function of language

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18
Q

Critical Period for language

A

Idea that language is harder to learn after first 5 months of life

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19
Q

Infant Directed Talk

A

special kind of talk that can be reconginized that a person is talking to a baby

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20
Q

language acquisition requires what two things

A

Human brain and human environment

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21
Q

Prosody

A

the tempo or rhythm that a language is spoken with

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22
Q

Babbling

A

takes place around 6 to 10 months of age; producing syllables made up of a consonant followed by a vowel that are repeated in strings; key component is for kids to hear the sounds they are producing; gradually shapes to the rhythm and sounds of the language they are exposed to

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23
Q

Style

Study These Flashcards
A

strategies that young children enlist in beginning to speak

24
Q

referential or analytic style

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A

speech strategy that analyzes the speech stream into individual phonetic elements and words; use isolated and monosyllabic words

25
Expressive or holistic style
speech strategy that gives attension to the overall sound of language; full sentences
26
wait and see style
speech strategy that typically involves a late start in speaking but a large vocabulary once speaking begins
27
Holophrastic Period
children express a whole phrase or idea with one word; "light off"-please turn the lights off
28
Overextension
use of given word in a broader context than is appropriate
29
fast mapping
the process of rapidly learning a new word simply from hearing the contrastive use of familiar and the unfamiliar word
30
Pragmatic Cues
aspects of the social learning context used for word learning
31
Syntactic Bootstrapping
using whole sentence to understand meaning
32
Collective monologues
when young children converse with each other they are egocentric and don't really listen to ehat the other person is saying but just wait for their turn to talk.
33
Freuds Theory
believed that children pass through a series of development stages that influence their erlationships and behavior; erogenous zones: psychic energy
34
erogenous zones
freuds theory; areas of the body that become erotically sensitive in successive stages of development; id, oral stage, ego, anal stage, phallic stage, superego
35
Id
the earliest and most primitive personality structure; unconscious and goal is to SEEK PLEASURE
36
Oral Stage
first stage in Freuds theory occurring in the first eyar in which the primary source of satisfaction and pleasure is oral activity
37
Ego
second stage 1. personality structure to develop; rational and logical problem solving is developed
38
Anal Stage
second stage 2. in freuds theory; primary source of pleasure comes from defecation
39
Phallic stage
Third stage 1. sexual pleaure is focused on the genitalia
40
superego
THird stage 2. consisting of internalized moral standards
41
Interalization
process of adopting ones own beleifs and standards of another person; interalizaiton of parents rules
42
Oedipus and Electra Complex
O-boys want a relationship with mother, rival father | E-girls want relationship with father, rival mother
43
Latency period
fourth stage 1. lasts from 6-12 years of age; sexual energy is channeled into socially acceptable activities
44
Genital Stage
fifth and final stage in freuds theory; begins in adolescence; sexual maturation is complete and sexual intercourse becomes a major goal
45
Erkison's Theory of Development (theory of psychosocial development
1. Trust/ Mistrust of child in others 2. Autonomy/ Shame and Doubt-motor development occurs, cogntivie abilities, languages; children learn to make decisions for themselves 3. Initiative(power to take charge before others do)/ guilt- constantly setting goals and working to achieve them; start to learn from parents 4. Industry/ Inferiority 6-puberty; ego development; master cognitive and social skills and learn to cooperate with peers; 5. Identity/ Role Confusion- adolescence to early adulthood- look for identity
46
Systematic Desensitization
used to ride people of fears and phobia; classical conditioning in which positive responses are conditioned with stimuli
47
Intermittent reinforcement
inconsistent response to the behavior of another person
48
Behavior modification
form of therapy based on principles of operant conditioning; in which reinforcement contingencies are changed to encourage more adaptive behavior
49
Vicarious reinforcement
observing someone else receive a reward or punishment
50
reciprocal determinism
enrionment influences child; and child influenced environment Bandura bobo doll experiment:
51
Precieved Self-efficacy
a person's beliefs about how effecivley he or she can control his or her behavior thoughts and emotions in order to achieve a desired goal
52
The bioecological Model
Level of influence on development From the inner (most influence)-Mircosystem-things that child directly participates in , Mesosystem-interconnections among immediate settings (family) exosystem- environmental settings that a person does not directly experience but can affect the person indirectly macrosystem- larger cultural and social contxt within which the other systems lie
53
chronosystem
historical changes that influence the other systems
54
Inter Working Model
representatiokn of the slef of attachment figures and of relationships in general
55
Parental Sensitivity
how dedicated parent is to the relationship with kid; depends on childs behavior as well; mothers of secure attached were more sensitive, consistent and responsive than insecure children

Developmental Psych Proitier (4 decks)

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