Exam 3

Question 1

Definition of minerals

Answer 1

inorganic substances that are required by the body; 2 categories: micro and macro; 1 of 6 nutrient classes

Question 2

List 3 general functions of minerals and one example of each

Answer 2

bone structure - P
tissue/cellular structure - K
blood/hemoglobin - Fe

Question 3

Minerals can be classified as either ___ or ____

Answer 3

macro

micro

Question 4

Examples of each class of minerals

Answer 4

macro: ca, p, mg
micro: zn, cu, co

Question 5

What is eutrophication

Answer 5

the enrichment of an ecosystem with chemical nutrients; typically compounds containing nitrogen, phosphorous or both; can be a natural process

Question 6

Pica (bone chewing) is associated with which mineral deficiency?
-P, Ca, Zn

Answer 6

phosphorous

Question 7

One of these minerals occurs the most as a co-factor in the glycolytic pathway
-P, Ca, Mg

Answer 7

Magnesium

Question 8

In what 2 vitamins is sulfur found?

Answer 8

thiamine; biotin

Question 9

Predominant found in/component of:

1. bone
2. blood
3. extracellular fluid
4. amino acid
5. too high level could inactivate enzymes
6. found in epidermal tissues as skin, hair, wool, etc
7. regulation of metabolism/metabolic

Answer 9

1. Ca
2. Fe
3. Na
4. S
5. Cu
6. Zn
7. I

Question 10

List 3 minerals (macro) whose digestion and absorption is influenced by physic acid (or phytate contents) of the diet

Answer 10

Ca, P, Mg

Question 11

One of these minerals plays an active role in sexual maturation
-Zn, Mg, Mn

Answer 11

manganese

Question 12

Parathyroid hormone is involved in ___ metabolism

-ca, zn, mg

Answer 12

Calcium

Question 13

Thyroxine (a hormone) is produced from this amino aid

-threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine

Answer 13

tyrosine

Question 14

Hairless and/or stillborn pigs ____

-manganese, iodine, cobalt

Answer 14

iodine

Question 15

Irregular estrus cycles; fetal resorption or birth of small, weak pigs; poor udder development and little if any milk production
-copper, zinc, manganese

Answer 15

manganese

Question 16

Increased mortality of newborn lambs and calves; white muscle disease lambs and calves
-selenium, copper, iron

Answer 16

selenim

Question 17

Deficiency of this mineral does not necessarily lead to weight lost but high fat deposition
-cobalt, manganese, selenium

Answer 17

manganese

Question 18

It is extremely important to supplement poultry and swine diets with ca. Give 2 reasons why

Answer 18

• fast growing

- usually fed diets with low Ca levels

Question 19

Based on our discussion in class, name 2 minerals that may cause anemia in animals

Answer 19

iron copper

Question 20

_____ is the process through which some minerals bind to some agents to varying degrees which generally leads to sequestering or isolating the mineral from interactions with other compounds and in some cases make it difficult for some minerals to be absorbed

Answer 20

Chelate

Question 21

How well dietary calcium is going to be absorbed is dependent on a particular mineral. what is this mineral and what range of ratios do you think is optimal for good Ca utilization in swine?

Answer 21

P, 2:1 and 1:1

Question 22

Briefly describe how parathyroid hormone (PTH) influences Ca metabolism

• Intestine:
• Kidney:
• Bone:

Answer 22

• increase Ca absorption
• increase Ca reabsorption
• increase Ca resorption

Question 23

The absorption of minerals is dependent on many factors. Will each of the following increase or decrease or have no effect on the absorption of calcium

• Acid pH (5-8) instead of neutral (6.8-7)
• Low levels of physic acid because o changing the source of ingredients used
• rising the P content of the diet
• premenopausal age for a woman compared to postmenopausal
• aging

Answer 23

• increase
• increase
• decrease
• increase
• decrease

Question 24

What happens when chickens are fed a diet that is high in Na (or NacL)

• feed intake increase or decrease
• water consumption: increase or decrease

Answer 24

-decrease; increase

Question 25

Potential for sodium toxicity is greatly reduce when animals have an adequate supply of a particular nutrient. What is this nutrient?

Answer 25

water

Question 26

T/F: C and P comprise over 70% of the body mineral

Answer 26

true

Question 27

T/F: 99% of calcium is found in bones and teeth

Answer 27

true

Question 28

T/F: Qualitatively, Ca > P >Mg in bone

Answer 28

True

Question 29

T/F: Horses and sheep are more likely to be deficient in Ca and P

Answer 29

False

Question 30

T/F: Goiter is an enlargement of the kidney

Answer 30

False

Question 31

T/F: Eggs and milk production could be stimulated by the administration of iodine containing compounds

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T/F: The thyroid gland from an animal that was fed a diet that efficient in iodine is smaller than that of a similar animal that was fed same diet but with adequate levels of iodine

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of 2 of the minerals (most important) listed below (circle 2) Zn, Mg, Ca, P, Mn

Answer 33

Ca, P

Question 34

Conditions caused by deficiencies: 1. graying of black hair and wool: cobalt or copper 2. two of these could cause anemia: Fe, P, Cu, Zn 3. Associated with vitamin B12: Cu or Co 4. About 60% of iodine is found in this organ: liver; thyroid gland; kidney

Answer 34

1. Cobalt 2. Fe; Cu 3. Co 4. Thyroid

Question 35

List two micro minerals that may be affected by the soil (location) on which crops are grown

Answer 35

Selenium; cobalt

Question 36

List 2 signs of Se deficiencies

Answer 36

white muscle disease; poor reproductive ability