Exam 3

Question 1

socialization

Answer 1

lifelong (post-natally) social experience that develops human potential and learning culture

Question 2

(dr. k) best way to understand the relationship between nature and nurture

Answer 2

nature - genetic potential, innate, dna-based

nurture - teaching/learning, non dna-based

Question 3

why is social experience important to socialization?

Answer 3

To learn culture, survive, and form personality

Question 4

Three types of social environments–severely deprived, normal, and enriched–have different effects on genotypes. What can we reasonably infer about the effects of these environments for humans?

Answer 4

n

Question 5

What do we learn from the Harlow studies of social isolation of rhesus monkeys?

Answer 5

n

Question 6

What do we learn from the study of social isolation of human children?

Answer 6

n

Question 7

Why according to Dr. K are findings on social isolation of humans children difficult to interpret?

Answer 7

n

Question 8

What are the major theories of human socialization?

Answer 8

Elements of personality, cognitive development, moral development, gender and moral development, social self, and 8 stages of development

Question 9

What are the major concepts of each theory of socialization?

Answer 9

n

Question 10

What are the potential limitations of each theory?

Answer 10

n

Question 11

Can you clearly describe each stage in those theories that propose multiple stages in development?

Answer 11

N

Question 12

What is meant by an ‘agent of socialization’?

Answer 12

Social experiences that affect us in small ways

Question 13

What are the major agents of socialization?

Answer 13

Family, school, peer group, mass media,

Question 14

What is the order in which these major agents of socialization typically influence development?

Answer 14

n

Question 15

peer group

Answer 15

social group whose members have interests, social position, and age in common

Question 16

anticipatory socialization

Answer 16

learning that helps a person achieve a desired position

Question 17

mass media

Answer 17

means for delivering impersonal communications to a vast audience

Question 18

What is Dr. K’s friendly amendment to Macionis’ description of mass media?

Answer 18

n

Question 19

What is meant by ‘socialization across the life course’?

Answer 19

Continuity of learning throughout lives in stages

Question 20

gerontology

Answer 20

Study of aging and elderly

Question 21

What are Kubler-Ross’s five major stages for grieving a major loss?

Answer 21

denial, anger, bargain, depression, acceptance

Question 22

cohort

Answer 22

category of people with something in common (age)

Question 23

Why is the understanding of the concept ‘cohort’ important to understanding variation in the life course?

Answer 23

Members of a particular age group are generally influenced by same economic and cultural trends

Question 24

resocialization

Answer 24

radically changing an inmate’s personality by carefully controlling the environment

Question 25

total institution

Answer 25

setting in which people are isolated and manipulated by administrative staff

Question 26

What are three major traits of a total institution?

Answer 26

Constant supervision, controlled and standardized life, and formal rules

Question 27

What are the two primary stages in resocialization in a total institution?

Answer 27

Breaking down and building back up

Question 28

social interaction

Answer 28

Process by which people act and react in relation to others

Question 29

social structure

Answer 29

Any relatively stable pattern of behavior

Question 30

What are the major characteristics of a social structure?

Answer 30

Status and role

Question 31

status

Answer 31

social position that a person holds

Question 32

role

Answer 32

behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status

Question 33

status set

Answer 33

all status a person gives

Question 34

ascribed status

Answer 34

involuntary social position or given at birth

Question 35

achieved status

Answer 35

voluntary social position that reflects personal ability and effort

Question 36

master status

Answer 36

status with special importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life

Question 37

role set

Answer 37

of roles attached to a single status

Question 38

role conflict

Answer 38

conflict among roles connected to 2+ statuses

Question 39

role strain

Answer 39

tension among roles connected to a single status

Question 40

role exit

Answer 40

Process by which people disengage from important social roles

Question 41

the social construction of reality

Answer 41

process by which people creatively shape reality through social interaction

Question 42

What is meant by ‘the social construction of reality’?

Answer 42

People shape their own reality through social interaction

Question 43

What is ‘the Thomas Theorem’ and why is it important to social interaction?

Answer 43

Claim that situations defined as real are real in their consequences

Question 44

What is the ‘dramaturgical approach’ and what are its key concepts?

Answer 44

focuses on human performance

Question 45

What is the significance of emotions for social interaction?

Answer 45

What we do often matters less than how we feel about it

Question 46

What is the significance of language for social interaction?

Answer 46

Differentiates between gender

Question 47

What is the significance of humor for social interaction?

Answer 47

Everyone laughs at a joke, but few people stop to think about what makes something funny

Question 48

Structural theory

Answer 48

Freud

Question 49

Theory of cognitive development

Answer 49

Piaget

Question 50

Theory of moral development

Answer 50

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 51

Theory of gender and moral development

Answer 51

Carol Gilligan

Question 52

Theory of social self

Answer 52

George Herbert Mead

Question 53

Eight stages of development

Answer 53

Erickson

Question 54

Piaget's theory of cognitive development

Answer 54

Sensorimotor, pre operational, concrete operational, formal operational

Question 55

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development

Answer 55

Pre conventional, conventional, and post conventional

Question 56

Erickson's eight stages of development

Answer 56

Toddlerhood, preschool, pre adolescence, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and old age

Question 57

Childhood

Answer 57

0-12

Question 57

Adolescence

Answer 57

13-19

Question 57

Adulthood

Answer 57

Early - 20-39 | Middle - 40-64

Question 58

Old age

Answer 58

65-