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Flashcards in Exam 3 Deck (60)
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1
Q

socialization

A

lifelong (post-natally) social experience that develops human potential and learning culture

2
Q

(dr. k) best way to understand the relationship between nature and nurture

A

nature - genetic potential, innate, dna-based

nurture - teaching/learning, non dna-based

3
Q

why is social experience important to socialization?

A

To learn culture, survive, and form personality

4
Q

Three types of social environments–severely deprived, normal, and enriched–have different effects on genotypes. What can we reasonably infer about the effects of these environments for humans?

A

n

5
Q

What do we learn from the Harlow studies of social isolation of rhesus monkeys?

A

n

6
Q

What do we learn from the study of social isolation of human children?

A

n

7
Q

Why according to Dr. K are findings on social isolation of humans children difficult to interpret?

A

n

8
Q

What are the major theories of human socialization?

A

Elements of personality, cognitive development, moral development, gender and moral development, social self, and 8 stages of development

9
Q

What are the major concepts of each theory of socialization?

A

n

10
Q

What are the potential limitations of each theory?

A

n

11
Q

Can you clearly describe each stage in those theories that propose multiple stages in development?

A

N

12
Q

What is meant by an ‘agent of socialization’?

A

Social experiences that affect us in small ways

13
Q

What are the major agents of socialization?

A

Family, school, peer group, mass media,

14
Q

What is the order in which these major agents of socialization typically influence development?

A

n

15
Q

peer group

A

social group whose members have interests, social position, and age in common

16
Q

anticipatory socialization

A

learning that helps a person achieve a desired position

17
Q

mass media

A

means for delivering impersonal communications to a vast audience

18
Q

What is Dr. K’s friendly amendment to Macionis’ description of mass media?

A

n

19
Q

What is meant by ‘socialization across the life course’?

A

Continuity of learning throughout lives in stages

20
Q

gerontology

A

Study of aging and elderly

21
Q

What are Kubler-Ross’s five major stages for grieving a major loss?

A

denial, anger, bargain, depression, acceptance

22
Q

cohort

A

category of people with something in common (age)

23
Q

Why is the understanding of the concept ‘cohort’ important to understanding variation in the life course?

A

Members of a particular age group are generally influenced by same economic and cultural trends

24
Q

resocialization

A

radically changing an inmate’s personality by carefully controlling the environment

25
Q

total institution

A

setting in which people are isolated and manipulated by administrative staff

26
Q

What are three major traits of a total institution?

A

Constant supervision, controlled and standardized life, and formal rules

27
Q

What are the two primary stages in resocialization in a total institution?

A

Breaking down and building back up

28
Q

social interaction

A

Process by which people act and react in relation to others

29
Q

social structure

A

Any relatively stable pattern of behavior

30
Q

What are the major characteristics of a social structure?

A

Status and role

31
Q

status

A

social position that a person holds

32
Q

role

A

behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status

33
Q

status set

A

all status a person gives

34
Q

ascribed status

A

involuntary social position or given at birth

35
Q

achieved status

A

voluntary social position that reflects personal ability and effort

36
Q

master status

A

status with special importance for social identity, often shaping a person’s entire life

37
Q

role set

A

of roles attached to a single status

38
Q

role conflict

A

conflict among roles connected to 2+ statuses

39
Q

role strain

A

tension among roles connected to a single status

40
Q

role exit

A

Process by which people disengage from important social roles

41
Q

the social construction of reality

A

process by which people creatively shape reality through social interaction

42
Q

What is meant by ‘the social construction of reality’?

A

People shape their own reality through social interaction

43
Q

What is ‘the Thomas Theorem’ and why is it important to social interaction?

A

Claim that situations defined as real are real in their consequences

44
Q

What is the ‘dramaturgical approach’ and what are its key concepts?

A

focuses on human performance

45
Q

What is the significance of emotions for social interaction?

A

What we do often matters less than how we feel about it

46
Q

What is the significance of language for social interaction?

A

Differentiates between gender

47
Q

What is the significance of humor for social interaction?

A

Everyone laughs at a joke, but few people stop to think about what makes something funny

48
Q

Structural theory

A

Freud

49
Q

Theory of cognitive development

A

Piaget

50
Q

Theory of moral development

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

51
Q

Theory of gender and moral development

A

Carol Gilligan

52
Q

Theory of social self

A

George Herbert Mead

53
Q

Eight stages of development

A

Erickson

54
Q

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development

A

Sensorimotor, pre operational, concrete operational, formal operational

55
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development

A

Pre conventional, conventional, and post conventional

56
Q

Erickson’s eight stages of development

A

Toddlerhood, preschool, pre adolescence, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and old age

57
Q

Childhood

A

0-12

57
Q

Adolescence

A

13-19

57
Q

Adulthood

A

Early - 20-39

Middle - 40-64

58
Q

Old age

A

65-