Exam 3

Question 1

Which type of mutation changes one amino acid for another?

Answer 1

Missense

Question 2

Which of the following is true regarding the promoters?

Answer 2

It is a DNA sequence

Question 3

Which sequences in pre-mRNA are actually protein coding?

Answer 3

Exons

Question 4

tRNAs enter ribosomes in the _______ site?

Answer 4

A

Question 5

What recognizes a stop codon in the ______ site?

Answer 5

Release factor; A

Question 6

The first step in urine formation is?

Answer 6

Filtration

Question 7

A peroxisomal protein has a missense mutation in its peroxisomal targeting sequence (PTS). Where will it be found?

Answer 7

The cytoplasm

Question 8

Which kidney function requires large amounts of ATP?

Answer 8

Reabsorption

Question 9

What do type 1 and type 2 diabetes have in common?

Answer 9

High levels of blood sugar

Question 10

What is a micronutrient?

Answer 10

A nutrient required in small amounts

Question 11

Splicing is the process that results in?

Answer 11

Removal of introns and joining of exons

Question 12

A template DNA strand is 3’TAACTGATC5’. What is the corresponding mRNA?

Answer 12

5’AUUGACUAG3’

Question 13

Transcription factors bind to the?

Answer 13

Promoter

Question 14

Empty tRNAs exit the ribosome from the ______ site?

Answer 14

E

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for generating large amount of ATP?

Answer 15

The mitochondria

Question 16

A lysosomal protein has a missense mutation in its lysosomal targeting sequence. Where will this protein end up?

Answer 16

It will be secreted by exocytosis

Question 17

When GLUT4 is inserted into the cell membrane of liver cells, how does glucose enter cells?

Answer 17

Facilitated diffusion

Question 18

Insulin has a mitogenic effect. Which gene (and corresponding protein) is expressed as a result of mitogenic insulin signaling?

Answer 18

Cyclin D

Question 19

Which micronutrient is important for hemoglobin synthesis?

Answer 19

Iron

Question 20

Which hormone causes a reduction in blood sugar levels?

Answer 20

Insulin

Question 21

3’GAATTTGCA5’

3’GAGTTTCGA5’

What type of mutation is this?

Answer 21

Missense and silent

Question 22

Codons of ______ are read by ________ of _______?

Answer 22

mRNA; anticodons; tRNA

Question 23

What protein targeting sequence is found in RNA polymerase?

Answer 23

Nuclear localization sequence

Question 24

How is the next amino acid added to a growing protein during translation?

Answer 24

The peptide on the P site tRNA is transferred to the amino acid on the A site tRNA

Question 25

Does a growth factor receptor have an ER signal sequence?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

How does a membrane protein get to the membrane?

Answer 26

RER - vesicle - Golgi - vesicle - membrane

Question 27

What is the function of peroxisomes?

Answer 27

To break down fatty acids

Question 28

In Eukaryotic cells, which step(s) of gene expression occur in the nucleus?

Answer 28

Transcription, RNA processing

Question 29

Where in the digestive tract are oligo and disaccharides digested to monosaccharides?

Answer 29

The small intestine

Question 30

ATP synthesis is?

Answer 30

Endergonic

Question 31

During glycolysis, which molecule accepts electrons from glucose?

Answer 31

NAD+

Question 32

At the end of the citric acid cycle, which of the following molecules is holding electrons from glucose?

Answer 32

NADH

Question 33

H2O is a _______ form of ______?

Answer 33

Reduced; O2

Question 34

Which of the following is not required in order for glycolysis to run?

Answer 34

O2

Question 35

Which molecule accepts electrons at the bottom of the ETC?

Answer 35

O2

Question 36

Which molecule(s) directly donate electrons to the electron transport chain?

Answer 36

NADH and FADH2

Question 37

As a result of cellular respiration glucose becomes ______ to _________?

Answer 37

Oxidized; CO2

Question 38

During pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle, which molecule accepts electrons from the electron donor?

Answer 38

NAD+

Question 39

Glucose --> pyruvate is a(n) _____?

Answer 39

Oxidation

Question 40

How is the PMF generated?

Answer 40

Proton pumping by the ETC from the mitochondrial matrix to the IMS

Question 41

Which is the correct order of molecules from most reduced to most oxidized?

Answer 41

Glucose --> pyruvate --> acetyl CoA --> CO2

Question 42

What is the immediate source of energy for ATP synthase?

Answer 42

The proton motive force

Question 43

What is the cause of death in a person exposes to DNP?

Answer 43

Extreme elevation of body temperature

Question 44

What is chemiosmosis?

Answer 44

The use of the proton motive force to make ATP

Question 45

In the presence of DNP, what happens to most of the energy stored in glucose?

Answer 45

It is released as heat

Question 46

The reaction ADP + Pi --> ATP can be characterized as?

Answer 46

Phosphorylation and endergonic

Question 47

What does DNP do?

Answer 47

It creates a proton (H+) channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 48

What stage(s) of cellular respiration occur(s) in the cytoplasm?

Answer 48

Glycolysis

Question 49

In normal cells, how do protons (H+) move from the IMS to the matrix of the mitochondria?

Answer 49

Facilitated diffusion through ATP synthase

Question 50

What happens to the energy stored in glucose during cellular respiration?

Answer 50

Some is captured as ATP and some is released as heat