Exam 5 Final

Question 1

During fermentation, _______ is _________ to lactic acid.

Answer 1

Pyruvate; reduced

Question 2

Hemoglobin leaving an active (exercise) tissue is approximately _______% saturated.

Answer 2

20

Question 3

Hemoglobin leaving a resting tissue is approximately ______% saturated.

Answer 3

75

Question 4

Hemoglobin A is leaving an active tissue at ph 7.0. Hemoglobin molecule B is leaving an active tissue ph 7.5. Hemoglobin molecule C is leaving a resting tissue at ph 7.5. Which molecule will have the lowest percent saturation with oxygen?

Answer 4

A

Question 5

What is the specific effect on carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer 5

It binds to Hb and displaces O2

Question 6

O2 leaves the heart towards the body in _______?

Answer 6

An artery

Question 7

During fermentation in humans, what accepts the electrons from NADH?

Answer 7

Pyruvate

Question 8

Which of the following produces all of the ATP synthesized during fermentation?

Answer 8

Glycolysis

Question 9

In human cells, when does fermentation occur?

Answer 9

When the ETC is not running and cells need to reoxidize NADH to NAD+

Question 10

How many heme groups are on each hemoglobin molecule?

Answer 10

4

Question 11

What will be the PH of the blood of a person experiencing hydrogen cyanide poisoning?

Answer 11

More basic than normal

Question 12

What is the specific effect of HCN poisoning?

Answer 12

It inhibits the passing of electrons to oxygen at the bottom of the ETC

Question 13

Carbon monoxide is inhaled into the lungs and enters the blood. What does it bind to?

Answer 13

A heme group of hemoglobin

Question 14

What is a major product of fermentation in humans?

Answer 14

Lactic acid

Question 15

Where would you find one or more hydrogen bonds?

Answer 15

Between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another water molecule. And between a G and a C in a double stranded DNA molecule

Question 16

What is an alpha helix?

Answer 16

A type of protein secondary structure

Question 17

You are trying to design a diet and exercise regimen that will reduce blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes. What is the independent variable of this experiment?

Answer 17

The diet and exercise regimen

Question 18

In a controlled experiment, which variable is measured by the investigators?

Answer 18

The dependent variable

Question 19

Insulin is a protein hormone therefore it is made up of?

Answer 19

Amino acids

Question 20

Glucose is a…?

Answer 20

Monosaccharide

Question 21

Which of the following is the best description of a polar covalent bond?

Answer 21

An unequal sharing of a pair of electrons

Question 22

Alli is an inhibitor of?

Answer 22

Lipase

Question 23

The triglycerides in butter

Answer 23

Have saturated fatty acids

Question 24

What does bile do?

Answer 24

Emulsifies fats

Question 25

Do human cells have a cell wall?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

What is a cell wall made up of?

Answer 26

Cellulose

Question 27

The biggest risk factor for melanoma is

Answer 27

UV exposure

Question 28

Which portion of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?

Answer 28

The fatty acid tails

Question 29

Osmosis is?

Answer 29

The movement of water from a low concentration to a high concentration

Question 30

What do enzymes do to the rate of the reactions that they catalyze?

Answer 30

Increase it

Question 31

Thyroid hormone signaling is

Answer 31

Long distance

Question 32

Where would you find an RNA primer during DNA replication?

Answer 32

At the 3' end of a leading strand

Question 33

Where can you find cells of a matastatic ovarian cancer?

Answer 33

In the other ovary, in the bloodstream and in the liver

Question 34

Daughter cells separate during

Answer 34

Cytokinesis

Question 35

What during the cell cycle does chromosome segregation ( separation of sister chromatids appear)

Answer 35

M

Question 36

What makes a cell a target for leptin?

Answer 36

Leptin receptor

Question 37

A mutation in BRCA1 can increase the risk of

Answer 37

Ovarian cancer

Question 38

The product of transcription is

Answer 38

An RNA molecule

Question 39

What makes the backbone of a DNA molecule

Answer 39

Amino acids

Question 40

Cells replicate their DNA during

Answer 40

S

Question 41

When a leptin binds the receptor (tyrosine kinase) what is the very next thing that happens?

Answer 41

The leptin receptor becomes activated on its intracellular side

Question 42

Where does transcription initiate?

Answer 42

At the start codon

Question 43

What is the final electron acceptor is cellular respiration?

Answer 43

O2

Question 44

Peroxisomal proteins are made ______ on _______ ribosomes

Answer 44

In the cytoplasm; free

Question 45

Of the molecules below, which is most reduced?

Answer 45

Glucose

Question 46

Which molecule gives up electrons to the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 46

NADH

Question 47

Which micronutrient is required for synthesis of thyroid hormone?

Answer 47

Iron

Question 48

Which of the following can accept electrons during the citric acid cycle?

Answer 48

NADH

Question 49

What is the energy source used by ATP synthase in the mitochondrion?

Answer 49

PMF

Question 50

During translation, what brings amino acids to the ribosome?

Answer 50

tRNAs