Exam 3

Question 1

Evidence that emotion precedes physiological arousal would be mostinconsistent with the ________. Evidence that emotion precedes mentally labeling our physiological arousal would be mostinconsistent with the ________.

Answer 1

James-Lange theory; two-factor theory

Question 2

When Mr. Morgan misinterpreted his harmless symptoms of autonomic nervous system arousal as indicative of an impending heart attack, he suffered an unusually intense level of fear. His emotional suffering is best understood in terms of the

Answer 2

two-factor theory

Question 3

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 3

decreases salivation and increases blood pressure.

Question 4

A lie detector test is used to monitor a person’s

Answer 4

respiration.

Question 5

Some emotional responses to visual stimuli appear to involve no deliberate thinking. These emotional responses are said to follow a “low-road” pathway that bypasses the

Answer 5

cerebral cortex.

Question 6

The instantaneous and automatic fear response we experience when unexpectedly stumbling upon a snake illustrates the importance of the

Answer 6

amygdala.

Question 7

We find it especially difficult to detect from other people’s facial expressions whether they are

Answer 7

lying

Question 8

If you mimic another person’s facial expressions of emotion, you probably will feel increasing empathy for that person. This is best explained in terms of

Answer 8

the James-Lange theory

Question 9

Luciano believes that the best way to get over the anger he feels toward his high school teacher is to scream shameful profanities while hitting a punching bag. His belief best illustrates

Answer 9

the catharsis hypothesis.

Question 10

After receiving exciting news about the birth of a healthy grandson, Mr. Haney was easily persuaded to contribute a generous sum of money to a neighborhood church. This best illustrates the

Answer 10

feel-good, do-good phenomenon.

Question 11

Professor Crane was ecstatic when he learned that his research study had been approved for publication. His feelings of joy quickly dissipated, however, when he heard a colleague recently had three different research articles accepted for publication. His declining emotional satisfaction is best explained in terms of

Answer 11

relative deprivation

Question 12

The fight-or-flight response is associated with the release of ________ into the bloodstream.

Answer 12

epinephrine

Question 13

Type A personality is to Type B personality as ________ is to _______.

Answer 13

irritable; calm

Question 14

After breaking up with her boyfriend, Kathy alleviated her stress by avoiding contact with her ex-boyfriend and by planning recreational activities with her best girlfriend. Kathy’s behavior best illustrates

Answer 14

emotion-focused coping.

Question 15

Religiously active AIDS patients ________ than do their nonreligious

Answer 15

survive longer

Question 16

The role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders is most clearly emphasized by the ________ perspective.

Answer 16

psychoanalytic

Question 17

Jaydon doesn’t realize that his alcohol abuse and neglect of his family is leading to the destruction of both his family and career. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Jaydon shows signs of a

Answer 17

weak ego

Question 18

Freud suggested that adults with a passive personality marked by a childlike dependency demonstrate signs of

Answer 18

an oral fixation.

Question 19

Bryce often acts so daring and overly confident that few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as

Answer 19

reaction formation.

Question 20

Carl Jung emphasized the importance of ________ in personality functioning.

Answer 20

the collective unconscious

Question 21

Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used ________ test.

Answer 21

projective

Question 22

Abraham Maslow suggested that individuals who are open, spontaneous, and not paralyzed by others’ opinions illustrate

Answer 22

self-actualization.

Question 23

Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of

Answer 23

positive self-concept.

Question 24

Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait?

Answer 24

factor analysis

Question 25

During a phone call to the Psychic Network, Mark was told that "you often worry about things much more than you admit, even to your best friends." Mark's amazement at the psychic's apparent understanding of his personality best illustrates  Correct!

Answer 25

the Barnum effect.

Question 26

One of the Big Five personality factors is 

Answer 26

agreeableness.

Question 27

Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates 

Answer 27

reciprocal determinism.

Question 28

Marcy believes that the outcome of athletic contests depends so much on luck that it hardly pays to put any effort into her own athletic training. Her belief most clearly illustrates 

Answer 28

an external locus of control.

Question 29

Although she is intelligent and a good athlete, Abigail believes that her low grades in school and losing the quarter-mile race are reflections of her own intellectual and athletic incompetence. Her conclusion best illustrates 

Answer 29

pessimistic attributional style.

Question 30

When Vanessa noticed that she was wearing mismatched socks, she overestimated the extent to which others would also notice. Her reaction best illustrates 

Answer 30

the spotlight effect.

Question 31

Marilyn judges her professor's strict class attendance policy to be an indication of his overcontrolling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions in a course that meets only once a week. Her judgment best illustrates 

Answer 31

the fundamental attribution error

Question 32

Bart complied with his friends' request to join them in smashing decorative pumpkins early one Halloween evening. Later that night he was surprised by his own failure to resist their pressures to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart's experience best illustrates the 

Answer 32

foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

Question 33

Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding the impact of 

Answer 33

role playing on attitude change.

Question 34

In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of 

Answer 34

normative social influence.

Question 35

Participants in Milgram's obedience experiments were informed that they were involved in a study of 

Answer 35

learning.

Question 36

Bonnie pedals an exercise bike at her health club much faster when other patrons happen to be working out on nearby equipment. This best illustrates 

Answer 36

social facilitation.

Question 37

When a group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This best illustrates 

Answer 37

group polarization.

Question 38

Kelly, a Republican, and Carlos, a Democrat, both believe that members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of other parties. Their beliefs best illustrate 

Answer 38

ingroup bias.

Question 39

When visiting the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp shortly after World War II, one German civilian was said to have remarked, "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." This reaction is best explained in terms of 

Answer 39

the just-world phenomenon.

Question 40

After being heavily exposed to X-rated films, men are later ________ likely to perceive extramarital sex as troubling and ________ likely to perceive a woman's friendliness as sexual interest. 

Answer 40

less; more

Question 41

When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand name. This preference best illustrates the importance of 

Answer 41

the mere exposure effect

Question 42

Which theory best explains why the excitement that lingers after a frightening event can facilitate passionate love? 

Answer 42

the two-factor theory

Question 43

Mr. Hughes heard what sounded like cries for help from a swimmer located 30 yards from the ocean shoreline. He continued walking along the beach, however, because he figured that one of the many swimmers in the vicinity would provide help if it was needed. His reaction best illustrates the dynamics involved in 

Answer 43

the bystander effect.

Question 44

Max fails to recycle his glass, metal, and plastic garbage because he thinks it's personally inconvenient and likely to have minimal impact on the city's already overflowing landfills. His reaction best illustrates the dynamics of 

Answer 44

a social trap

Question 45

The hostilities between two racial subgroups of a riverfront community were dramatically reduced when the threat of their river flooding its banks required that they work together to save their town. This best illustrates the impact of 

Answer 45

superordinate goals.

Question 46

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These were replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of 

Answer 46

the medical model.

Question 47

A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as the 

Answer 47

DSM-IV-TR.

Question 48

Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from 

Answer 48

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 49

Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of 

Answer 49

post-traumatic stress disorder.

Question 50

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective. 

Answer 50

learning

Question 51

Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from 

Answer 51

a mood disorder

Question 52

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with 

Answer 52

a manic episode.

Question 53

Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from 

Answer 53

delusions

Question 54

Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia? 

Answer 54

social withdrawal

Question 55

Catatonia is characterized by 

Answer 55

periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement.

Question 56

Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce 

Answer 56

hallucinations.

Question 57

The relationship between the season of the year in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ________ in this disorder. 

Answer 57

viral infections

Question 58

A sudden loss of memory is a symptom of 

Answer 58

a dissociative disorder

Question 59

Melissa uses laxatives in an attempt to lose some of the weight she gained from binge eating. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of 

Answer 59

bulimia nervosa.

Question 60

Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates 

Answer 60

antisocial personality disorder.