Exam 3

Question 1

Types of symmetry

Answer 1

Radial
Biradial
Bilateral

Question 2

Radial Symmetry

Answer 2

• body can be divided like a pie and make equal slices
• can be divided in half many times and one side always looks like the other
• usually sessile, floating, or weak swimming

Question 3

Biradial Symmetry

Answer 3

Certain few parts make it so only 2 planes of division result in similar halves (otherwise body is radial)
-usually sessile, floating, or weak swimming

Question 4

Bilateral Symmetry

Answer 4

body can be divided in half to make 2 halves

• animals with more movement
• associated with cephalization

Question 5

Cranial

Answer 5

Anterior or head region

Question 6

Caudal

Answer 6

Posterior or tail end

Question 7

Medial

Answer 7

relative, towards the midline of the body

ex: sternum, heart

Question 8

Lateral

Answer 8

relative, towards the side of the body

Question 9

Distal

Answer 9

relative, something farther from center of body

Question 10

Proximal

Answer 10

relative, something closer to center of body

Question 11

peritoneal lining

Answer 11

tissues connected to gut cacvity

Question 12

What organisms have peritoneal lining and which don’t?

Answer 12

psuedocoelomates don’t

eucoelomates do

Question 13

Schizocoelomates

Answer 13

coelom forms from splitting of mesoderm bands in development

annelids, arthropods, molluscs

Question 14

Enterocoelomates

Answer 14

coelom forms from mesodermal pouches of early gut

echnidoderms, chordates

Question 15

Sponge Anatomy

Answer 15

• body is series of canals and pores
• radial or asymmetric
• water movement is created by choanocytes

Question 16

Choanocytes

Answer 16

Cells that create water movement
Have flagellum surrounded by collar
Maintain water flow and trap food particles

Question 17

Ostia

Answer 17

smaller incurrent pores

Question 18

Osculum

Answer 18

Larger outcurrent pores

Question 19

Asconoid

Answer 19

one main chamber

Question 20

Suconoid

Answer 20

Choanocytes in multiple side chambers

Question 21

Leucanoid

Answer 21

lots of small chambers

Question 22

Mesohyl

Answer 22

Gelatinous matrix the mass of cells are embedded in

Question 23

Structural support or sponges

Answer 23

Spicules-calcium carbonate or silica (pointy)

Spongen- collagen protein (web-like)

Question 24

What makes a sponge more flexible

Answer 24

fewer spicules and more spongen

Question 25

Digestion of sponges

Answer 25

intracellular

Question 26

Archaeocytes

Answer 26

amoebid cells that digest and transfer food | form other cells that make spicules and collagen

Question 27

Gemmules

Answer 27

internal buds in sponge reproduction | held in parent's body until death and good conditions

Question 28

Asexual reproduction of sponges

Answer 28

fragmentation and budding (gemmules)

Question 29

Sexual reproduction of sponges

Answer 29

most are monoecious and viviparous live birth of ciliated larvae after development in parent Some species are oviparous

Question 30

Dispersal in sponges

Answer 30

larve parenchymula are free swimming and find a suitable spot before maturing

Question 31

Germ layers in cnidarians

Answer 31

Epidermis and gastrodermis

Question 32

Mesoglea

Answer 32

In cnidarians | Extracellular jelly mattix b/w the 2 germ layers

Question 33

Oral/aboral

Answer 33

The ends of cnidarians No head Side with mouth and side without

Question 34

1. Nematocysts | 2. Cnidocytes

Answer 34

1. Stinging and adhesive organelles | 2. Produce nematocysts

Question 35

Digestion for cnidarians

Answer 35

Extracellular in gastrovascular cavity

Question 36

Cnidarian nervous system

Answer 36

Nerve net with statocyst and ocelli (light sensitive organs)

Question 37

Reproduction in cnidarians

Answer 37

Asexual-budding in polyps Sexual-medusae and some polyps produce gametes (dioecious or monoecious) -planula larvae

Question 38

Siphonoglyph

Answer 38

wall of pharynx, ciliated, moves water in and out of animal | Anthozoa

Question 39

Acontia

Answer 39

2nd round of nematocysts near mouth | Anthozoa

Question 40

Corals

Answer 40

Anthozoa | morphologically similar to anemones but secrete a calcareous cup

Question 41

Scyphozoa bell

Answer 41

has indentations with a pair of lappets (folds) that surround a rhopalium (bears statocysts and ocelli)

Question 42

Anthozoa species

Answer 42

anemones, corals, sea fans, sea pens

Question 43

Strobila

Answer 43

formed by polyp stage of scyphozoan | forms a juvenile medusa (ephyrae) asexually

Question 44

Cubozoa species

Answer 44

box jelly, sea wasp

Question 45

Velarium

Answer 45

edges of cubozoa turned inward to create a jet propulsion

Question 46

Hydrozoa species

Answer 46

man of war, hydra

Question 47

Velum

Answer 47

internal projection of bell margin | Hydrozoa

Question 48

Collenchyme

Answer 48

Gelatinous material in between epidermis and gastrodermis of ctenaphora

Question 49

Colloblasts

Answer 49

glue cells that secrete sticky substance | used for food capture for ctenaphora

Question 50

Auricles

Answer 50

tactile and chemosensitive, orient towards food, mates, and away from predators Platyhelminthes

Question 51

Lophotrochozoa characteristics

Answer 51

Tophophore feeding structure | Trochophore larvae