Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of symmetry

A

Radial
Biradial
Bilateral

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2
Q

Radial Symmetry

A
  • body can be divided like a pie and make equal slices
  • can be divided in half many times and one side always looks like the other
  • usually sessile, floating, or weak swimming
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3
Q

Biradial Symmetry

A

Certain few parts make it so only 2 planes of division result in similar halves (otherwise body is radial)
-usually sessile, floating, or weak swimming

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4
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

body can be divided in half to make 2 halves

  • animals with more movement
  • associated with cephalization
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5
Q

Cranial

A

Anterior or head region

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6
Q

Caudal

A

Posterior or tail end

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7
Q

Medial

A

relative, towards the midline of the body

ex: sternum, heart

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8
Q

Lateral

A

relative, towards the side of the body

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9
Q

Distal

A

relative, something farther from center of body

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10
Q

Proximal

A

relative, something closer to center of body

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11
Q

peritoneal lining

A

tissues connected to gut cacvity

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12
Q

What organisms have peritoneal lining and which don’t?

A

psuedocoelomates don’t

eucoelomates do

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13
Q

Schizocoelomates

A

coelom forms from splitting of mesoderm bands in development

annelids, arthropods, molluscs

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14
Q

Enterocoelomates

A

coelom forms from mesodermal pouches of early gut

echnidoderms, chordates

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15
Q

Sponge Anatomy

A
  • body is series of canals and pores
  • radial or asymmetric
  • water movement is created by choanocytes
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16
Q

Choanocytes

A

Cells that create water movement
Have flagellum surrounded by collar
Maintain water flow and trap food particles

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17
Q

Ostia

A

smaller incurrent pores

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18
Q

Osculum

A

Larger outcurrent pores

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19
Q

Asconoid

A

one main chamber

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20
Q

Suconoid

A

Choanocytes in multiple side chambers

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21
Q

Leucanoid

A

lots of small chambers

22
Q

Mesohyl

A

Gelatinous matrix the mass of cells are embedded in

23
Q

Structural support or sponges

A

Spicules-calcium carbonate or silica (pointy)

Spongen- collagen protein (web-like)

24
Q

What makes a sponge more flexible

A

fewer spicules and more spongen

25
Q

Digestion of sponges

A

intracellular

26
Q

Archaeocytes

A

amoebid cells that digest and transfer food

form other cells that make spicules and collagen

27
Q

Gemmules

A

internal buds in sponge reproduction

held in parent’s body until death and good conditions

28
Q

Asexual reproduction of sponges

A

fragmentation and budding (gemmules)

29
Q

Sexual reproduction of sponges

A

most are monoecious and viviparous
live birth of ciliated larvae after development in parent
Some species are oviparous

30
Q

Dispersal in sponges

A

larve parenchymula are free swimming and find a suitable spot before maturing

31
Q

Germ layers in cnidarians

A

Epidermis and gastrodermis

32
Q

Mesoglea

A

In cnidarians

Extracellular jelly mattix b/w the 2 germ layers

33
Q

Oral/aboral

A

The ends of cnidarians
No head
Side with mouth and side without

34
Q
  1. Nematocysts

2. Cnidocytes

A
  1. Stinging and adhesive organelles

2. Produce nematocysts

35
Q

Digestion for cnidarians

A

Extracellular in gastrovascular cavity

36
Q

Cnidarian nervous system

A

Nerve net with statocyst and ocelli (light sensitive organs)

37
Q

Reproduction in cnidarians

A

Asexual-budding in polyps
Sexual-medusae and some polyps produce gametes (dioecious or monoecious)
-planula larvae

38
Q

Siphonoglyph

A

wall of pharynx, ciliated, moves water in and out of animal

Anthozoa

39
Q

Acontia

A

2nd round of nematocysts near mouth

Anthozoa

40
Q

Corals

A

Anthozoa

morphologically similar to anemones but secrete a calcareous cup

41
Q

Scyphozoa bell

A

has indentations with a pair of lappets (folds) that surround a rhopalium (bears statocysts and ocelli)

42
Q

Anthozoa species

A

anemones, corals, sea fans, sea pens

43
Q

Strobila

A

formed by polyp stage of scyphozoan

forms a juvenile medusa (ephyrae) asexually

44
Q

Cubozoa species

A

box jelly, sea wasp

45
Q

Velarium

A

edges of cubozoa turned inward to create a jet propulsion

46
Q

Hydrozoa species

A

man of war, hydra

47
Q

Velum

A

internal projection of bell margin

Hydrozoa

48
Q

Collenchyme

A

Gelatinous material in between epidermis and gastrodermis of ctenaphora

49
Q

Colloblasts

A

glue cells that secrete sticky substance

used for food capture for ctenaphora

50
Q

Auricles

A

tactile and chemosensitive, orient towards food, mates, and away from predators
Platyhelminthes

51
Q

Lophotrochozoa characteristics

A

Tophophore feeding structure

Trochophore larvae