Exam 4.1

Question 1

Arthropoda Groups

Answer 1

Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, Hexapoda

Question 2

Tagmata

Answer 2

Many segments fused together

Functional group

Question 3

Basic Arthropod characteristics

Answer 3

Triploblastic
Protostomes
Eucoelomates
Open circ. system with hemocoel

Question 4

Pros of exoskeleton (4)

Answer 4

Hard for protection
Lightweight and made of chitin
Prevents desiccation (drying out)
Muscles attach to it

Question 5

Cons of exoskeleton (1)

Answer 5

Ecdysis for growth

Question 6

Tracheal System

Answer 6

Air sent directly to cells via tube system with multiple openings and trachea
Can open and close tubes to prevent water loss
Arthropoda

Question 7

Chelicerata characteristics

Answer 7

4 pr walking legs
1 pr pedipalps
1 pair chelicera

Question 8

Chelicera

Answer 8

Appendages near mouth

Can have fangs (spiders)

Question 9

Chelicerata Classes

Answer 9

Merostomata, Pycnogonida, Arachnida

Question 10

Arachnida Groups

Answer 10

Spiders, scorpions, Harvestmen, ticks and mites

Question 11

Arachnida Tagmata

Answer 11

cephalothorax and abdomen

Question 12

Book Lungs

Answer 12

Air pockets extending into blood chamber

Spiders

Question 13

Sensory structures in spiders

Answer 13

8 eyes, good at detecting movement
Sensory setae (tactile receptors on body)

Question 14

Myriopoda Groups

Answer 14

Chilopoda, Diplopoda

Question 15

Head of Crustaceans have…

Answer 15

2 pairs of antennae
1 pair of mandibles (chewing)
2 pair of maxillae (food manipulation)

Question 16

First stage of life cycle of crustaceans

Answer 16

Nauplius

Question 17

Malacostraca

Answer 17

Isopod, krill, decapods (lobster, crayfish, shrimp)

Crustacea

Question 18

Tagmata in Insecta

Answer 18

1. Head-sensory and feeding
2. Thorax- locomotion
3. Abdomen-digestion, excretion, reproduction

Question 19

Instar

Answer 19

each larval stage of metamorphosis

Question 20

Homometabolous

Answer 20

Very different larva and adult form
Form pupa
Most insects

Question 21

Hemimetabolous

Answer 21

Gradual transition from larval (nymphs) to adults

Question 22

Aposematic

Answer 22

Warning coloration
signals chemical defense
Mimicry

Question 23

Crypsis

Answer 23

Camouflage

Question 24

Eusocial

Answer 24

social system with few breeders and many workers
worker castes
Insecta

Question 25

Chordata synapomorphies

Answer 25

1. Notochord 2. Dorsal Tubular Nerve cord 3. Pharyngeal Gill Slits 4. Endostyle/Thyroid gland 5. Postanal Tail

Question 26

Notochord

Answer 26

cartilaginous skeletal support rod Replaced by spine in some Chordata trait

Question 27

Dorsal Tubular Nerve cord

Answer 27

Anterior brain in most | Chordata trait

Question 28

Pharyngeal Gill Slits

Answer 28

Respiration and or feeding when functional | Chordata trait

Question 29

Endostyle/Thyroid gland

Answer 29

Endostyle secretes mucus to trap food particles Thyroid produces hormones to regulate metabolism Chordata trait

Question 30

Postanal Tail with segmented muscles

Answer 30

locomotion when functional | Chordata trait

Question 31

Urochordata

Answer 31

``` Tunicates, sea squirts Sessile marine filter feeders Pharyngeal gill slits for feeding and respiration Tunic Larval forms have chordate traits ```

Question 32

Tunic

Answer 32

Tough, non-living cuticle that surrounds body | Urochordata

Question 33

Cephalochordata

Answer 33

Lancelets Marine, live in sandy bottoms (hehe) Adults show all chordate characteristics

Question 34

Echinodermata Characteristics

Answer 34

``` Triploblastic Radial symmetry; bilateral as larvae No cephalization Most slow, not sessile Ossicles Water vascular system Tube feet ```

Question 35

Ossicles

Answer 35

Endoskeleton with spines sticking through epidermis

Question 36

Water Vascular System

Answer 36

System of canals that allow for locomotion and feeding Muscular contraction of ampulla (head inside of tube feet) force water from canals Echinodermata

Question 37

Tube Feet

Answer 37

Act like suction cups Used for locomotion and feeding Echinodermata

Question 38

Echinodermata Groups

Answer 38

Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuriodea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea

Question 39

Asteroidea

Answer 39

Sea stars | Skin covered with papulae and pedicellaria

Question 40

Papulae

Answer 40

Projections used in respiration | Asteroidea

Question 41

Pedicellaria

Answer 41

Small pincers used to clean off debris, parasites, etc | Asteroidea and Echinoidea

Question 42

Crinoidea

Answer 42

Sea lilies, feather stars | Suspension feeders and mostly sessile

Question 43

Ophiuroidea

Answer 43

Brittle and basket stars More flexible arms that are distinct from the central disk Arms are brittle but regenerate

Question 44

Echinoidea

Answer 44

Sea urchins, sand dollars, heart urchins Fused ossicles that make a shell or test Pedicellaria (some with toxins) Aristotle's Lantern

Question 45

Aristotle's Lantern

Answer 45

Set of jaws attached to ossicle plates and muscles | Echinoidea

Question 46

Holothuroidea

Answer 46

``` Sea cucumber Elongated along oral-aboral axis Respiratory tree Tube feet only on bottom side Leathery skin with embedded ossicles ```