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Neuropsychology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental Disorders result from what two things?

A
  1. Genetic/Chromosomal Abnormalities

2. Environmental Insults

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2
Q

Down Syndrome is more likely if the mother is over what age?

A

35

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3
Q

What do Teratogens interfere with?

A

The development of the fetus

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4
Q

Teratogens can cause what two things?

A
  1. Agenesis

2. Dysgenesis

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5
Q

What is Agenesis?

A

Without Formation

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6
Q

What is Dysgenesis?

A

Extra Formations

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7
Q

What is the Kennard Principle?

A

Idea that the earlier the insult, the better chance for treatment or cure

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8
Q

The following are physical characteristics of what condition?

  1. Widely Spaced Eyes
  2. Elongated Midface
  3. Flattened Nose
  4. Microcephaly
A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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9
Q

The following are cognitive characteristics of what condition?

  1. Below Average Intelligence
  2. In Attention and Hyperactivity
  3. Learning Disabilities
  4. Poor Behavioral Regulation
A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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10
Q

What is Anoxia?

A

A lack of oxygen

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11
Q

Anoxia can happen during delivery when the mother is using what?

A

Medication

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12
Q

What is Hydrocephalus?

A

The buildup of fluid (CSF) in the brain ventricles, which increases pressure

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13
Q

Hydrocephalus is more prevalent in what gender?

A

Females

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14
Q

The following are damage caused by what condition?

  1. Ventricles Increase
  2. Corpus Callosum Thins
  3. Damage is from posterior to anterior
A

Hydrocephalus

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15
Q

What are the cognitive symptoms of Hydrocephalus?

A
  1. Better Verbal Skills

2. Executive Function Deficits

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16
Q

What is the treatment for Hydrocephalus?

A
  1. A Shunt

2. Treatment of Learning Issues

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17
Q

Genetic abnormalities/Chromosomal disorders are caused by what?

A
  1. Malformation
  2. Deletion/Addition
  3. Dislocation/Translocation
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18
Q

What is more severe: Autosomal Abnormalities or Sex Chromosomes?

A

Autosomal Abnormalities

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19
Q

The following are associated with what syndrome?

  1. Bilateral Parietal Region Hypometabolism
  2. Problems in Prefrontal Cortex
  3. Majority are diagnosed before school age
A

Turner’s Syndrome

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20
Q

The following are cognitive symptoms of what syndrome?

NLD Type Pattern:

  • Better Verbal and Visuospatial Skill
  • Deficits in Verbal Fluency
  1. Mathematical Deficits
  2. Weak Attention Skills
  3. Social Skill Deficits
A

Turner’s

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21
Q

What is the treatment of Turner’s Syndrome?

A
  1. Estrogen for gonadal dysgenesis

2. Treatment for learning issues

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22
Q

The following is the clinical representation of what syndrome?

  1. Dysmorphic facial features
  2. Physical abnormalities
  3. Cognitive symptoms
  4. Distinct Personality
A

Williams Syndrome

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23
Q

The following are treatments for what syndrome?

  1. Remedial educational services
  2. Behavior management
  3. Social Skills training
  4. Psychostimulants
A

William’s Syndrome

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24
Q

The following are characteristics of what syndrome?

  1. Widely spaced eyes
  2. Elongated Midface
  3. Flattened Nose
  4. Microcephalic
A

Williams Syndrome

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25
Q

The following are cognitive characteristics of what syndrome?

  1. Below average intelligence
  2. Inattention and hyperactivity
  3. Learning disabilities
  4. Poor behavioral regulation
A

Williams Syndrome

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26
Q

What is a learning disability (LD)?

A

A neurological disorder that negatively impacts a person’s ability to receive, store, process and/or produce information

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27
Q

LD can affect what six things?

A
  1. Reading
  2. Writing
  3. Spelling
  4. Math Computation
  5. Organizational Skills
  6. Attention Skills
28
Q

What are the five assumptions in diagnosing LD?

A

The child does not succeed despite:

  1. Adequate intelligence
  2. No sensory or motor deficits
  3. Opportunity to learn
  4. Adequate instruction
  5. Adequate Home environment
29
Q

What is the most common LD?

A

Dyslexia

30
Q

What is Surface Dyslexia?

A

Don’t understand extra letters

31
Q

What is Deep Dyslexia?

A

Trouble reading non-words

32
Q

What is Double Deficit Dyslexia?

A

Slow reading speed and phonemic awareness

33
Q

What are possible brain areas involved in dyslexia?

A
  1. Left Hemisphere
  2. Occipitotemporal region
  3. Cerebellum
  4. Executive and memory functions
34
Q

What does the left hemisphere control?

A

Language

35
Q

What is the Occipitotemporal Region in charge of?

A

Basic Visual Recognition

36
Q

What is the Cerebellum in charge of?

A

Reading and Language Acquisition

37
Q

Executive and Memory functions are important for what?

A

Making predictions in reading

38
Q

What are the two approaches to learning how to read when an individual has Dyslexia?

A
  1. Phonological

2. Whole Language

39
Q

What is the Phonological Approach?

A

Learning the sounds associated with each symbol

40
Q

What is the Whole Language Approach?

A

Pulling the meaning from what you’re reading

41
Q

Who did a lot of research about NVLD?

A

Bryon Rourke

42
Q

The following are neurological causes of what condition?

  1. Right Hemisphere Dysfunction
  2. Posterior Regions Implicated
  3. White Matter Malformation
A

NVLD

43
Q

The following are cognitive deficits of what condition?

  1. Visual-Perceptual
  2. Psychomotor
  3. Nonverbal/Novel Problem Solving
  4. Math
A

NVLD

44
Q

The following are Socioemotional Difficulties of what condition?

  1. Problems with Language Pragmatics
  2. Problem reading nonverbal social behaviors
  3. Anxiety and Depression as mature
  4. Overly Dependent on caretakers
A

NVLD

45
Q

What is the treatment of NVLD?

A
  1. Social skills training

2. Training in word processing skills

46
Q

What are Pervasive Developmental Disorders? (3)

A
  1. Delays and Abnormalities in Language
  2. Restricted, Repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviors
  3. Social Problems Relating
47
Q

What are the four types of PDD?

A
  1. Autism
  2. Asperger’s
  3. Rett’s
  4. Childhood Disintegrative
48
Q

What four characteristics of Autism?

A
  1. Severe Impairment in Social Relatedness
  2. Severe Language Impairment
  3. Unusual, repetitive behaviors
  4. 70-75% Mentally Retarded
49
Q

What is the False theory of Immunization?

A

You get autism or disease from getting shots

50
Q

What is Asperger’s?

A

Possibly High Functioning Autism

51
Q

The following are cognitive symptoms of what disorder?

  1. Normal language Development but
  2. Monotonic Monologues
  3. Poor Social Relatedness
  4. Eccentric behaviors and restricted interests
A

Asperger’s

52
Q

What is Rett’s Disorder?

A

Neurological disorder that affects mostly girls

53
Q

The following symptoms are characteristic of what disorder?

  1. Slowed Growth
  2. Problems with Hand moments
  3. No language Skills
  4. Problems with coordination
  5. Trouble with breathing
A

Rett’s Disorder

54
Q

The following are characteristics of what disorder?

  1. Lack of Language
  2. Impairment in nonverbal behavior
  3. Lack of motor skills
  4. Lack of play
  5. Lack of bladder control
  6. Lack of social skills
A

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

55
Q

When are the symptoms of ADHD present?

A

Before the age of 12

56
Q

In ADHD, where is impairment seen?

A

In two or more settings

57
Q

The following are causes of what Disorder?

  1. Genetics
  2. Atypical Symmetry of Left & Right Prefrontal Regions
  3. Disrupted Frontal/Basal Ganglia Circuits
A

ADHD

58
Q

How is ADHD diagnosed?

A

Through Exclusion testing

59
Q

What is the treatment(s) for ADHD?

A
  1. Behavior Therapy

2. Medication

60
Q

What four disorders are co-morbid with ADHD?

A
  1. Oppositional Defiant Disorder
  2. OCD
  3. Tourette’s
  4. Common Learning Disorder
61
Q

What is the prevalence rate of Fragile X in boys?

A

1 in 1,500

62
Q

What is the prevalence of Fragile X in girls?

A

1 in 2,500

63
Q

What is the IQ range of a Mild Intellectual Disability?

A

55-70

64
Q

What is the IQ range of a Moderate Intellectual Disability?

A

40-54

65
Q

What is the IQ range of a Severe Intellectual Disability?

A

25-39

66
Q

What is the IQ range of a Profound Intellectual Disability?

A

Below 25

Neuropsychology (4 decks)

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