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Neuropsychology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the leading cause of death in people ages 1-30?

A

Accidents

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2
Q

What age group is at the greatest risk for Accidents?

A

Ages 15-24

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3
Q

What is Neuronal Retrograde Degeneration?

A

Axon gets sheered

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4
Q

What is Neuronal Anterograde Degeneration?

A

Neurons die, which affects other neurons death

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5
Q

What does a Penetrating Head Injury (PHI) possible involve?

A
  1. Infection

2. Hemorrhaging

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6
Q

What are the two causes of Closed Head Injuries (CHI)

A
  1. Acceleration

2. Deceleration

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7
Q

What is Coup and Counterop?

A

Injury wherever brain is hit first, then injury to where the brain bounces to on the other side

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7
Q

What scale is used to assess the severity of TBI?

A

Glasgow Coma Scale

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8
Q

According to the Glasgow Coma Scale, if you have a score less than 5…

A

You are less likely to survive

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9
Q

What are the three categories of the Glasgow?

A
  1. Eye Opening Response
  2. Verbal Response
  3. Motor Response
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10
Q

What is the GCS Classification of a Severe Head Injury?

A

8 or Less

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11
Q

What is the GCS Classification of a Moderate Head Injury?

A

9 to 12

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12
Q

What is the GCS Classification of a Mild Head Injury?

A

13 to 15

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13
Q

Are there sleep/wake cycles during comas?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Comas are injuries to what two places?

A
  1. Lower brainstem

2. Reticular Activating System

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15
Q

What are the four main complications of Moderate to Severe TBI?

A
  1. Edema
  2. Brain Herniation
  3. Hematoma
  4. Seizures
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16
Q

What is an Edema?

A

Intracranial Swelling

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17
Q

What is Brain Herniation?

A

Displacement/deformation of the brain

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18
Q

What is a hematoma?

A

Brain bleed

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19
Q

Anticonvulsants administered prophylactically are used to aid with what?

A

Seizures

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20
Q

What is a Mild TBI?

A

A concussion that lasts less than 30 minutes

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21
Q

What is Postconcussional Syndrome?

A

Problems with:

  1. Attention
  2. Memory
  3. Speed of processing
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22
Q

How long does it take for Postconcussional Syndrome symptoms to resolve?

A

3-6 months, but affects are cumulative

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23
Q

What is Neuronal Sprouting?

A

Neuron Regrowth

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24
What is Plasticity?
Ability for brains to reorganize after injury
25
Is plasticity better in children or adults?
Children
26
What is the role of the Neuropsychologist in treating head injuries? (4)
1. Baseline Evaluation 2. Make plan of action 3. Educate patient and family 4. Find Strengths/Weaknesses
27
What is the role of PT's in treating Head Injuries?
1. Improve Gross Motor Control | 2. Determine Appropriate Assistive Application
28
What is the role of OT's in treating Head Injuries? (4)
Improve: 1. Fine Motor Skills 2. Sensory Function 3. Perceptual-Motor Function 2. ADL performance
29
What is the role of Speech Therapists in treating Head Injuries?
1. Improve Receptive/Expressive Skills | 2. Treat Dysarthria
30
What is Dysarthria?
Articulation Disorders
31
What is the role of Therapeutic Recreation in treating Head Injuries?
To design recreational activities to build skills
32
What is Cognitive Remediation?
Training from lower to higher cognitive functioning
33
What is the Context Driven Approach?
Training specific skills for their needs
34
What is the fast growing segment of the population?
The Elderly
35
Does crystallized intelligence change with aging?
No
36
What type of intelligence decreases with age?
Fluid intelligence
37
What is fluid intelligence used for?
Problem solving in novel situations
38
After age 75, both Fluid and Crystallized intelligence decline until what age?
85
39
When is frontal lobe affected during aging?
During dementia
40
What happens to the hippocampus as we age?
Short term memory recall worsens
41
What happens to the temporal and parietal lobe as we age?
Finding your way worsens
42
What is Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?
Age related cognitive decline
43
Is MCI related to dementia?
Nope
44
MCI typically affects what aspects of memory?
Encoding and retrieval
45
What is dementia?
Significant decline in cognitive functioning
46
What is Cortical dementia?
Dementia associated with the brain's gray matter
47
What are two types of cortical dementias?
1. Alzheimer's | 2. Pick's
48
What is Subcortical Dementia?
Dementias associated with the brains white matter
49
What are two types of subcortical dementias?
1. Parkinson's | 2. Creutzfeldt-Jakob's
50
What is the diagnostic criteria for dementia? (4)
Impaired: 1. Cognitive Function 2. Memory 3. Language 4. Executive Function Connie Made Late Excuses
51
Is Parkinson's disease genetic or environmental?
Environmental
52
What is Alzheimer's disease?
Progressive Cortical Dementia
53
What is the likelyhood of Alzheimer's after age 85?
10-30%
54
In Alzheimer's disease, which chromosomes have been implicated?
1, 14, 21
55
The presence of what disease guarantee getting Alzheimers in the future?
Down Syndrome
56
What are three symptoms of Alzheimer's?
1. Dementia 2. Neuropatholical tangles 3. Senile Plaques
57
Atrophy of the frontal, temporal, and parental areas, as well as the hippocampus, are signs of what disease?
Alzheimer's
58
What are the four neuropsychological deficits in Alzheimers?
1. Memory Disorder 2. Fluent Anomic Aphasia 3. Visual Spatial Difficulties 4. Decline in general intellectual functioning
59
What are is the Memory Disorder of Alzheimer's?
Declarative learning goes down
60
What is the Fluent Anomic Aphasia, associated with Alzheimers?
1. Can speak fine but has a word finding problem | 2. Stumbles on certain words
61
What medications slow down Alzheimers?
Aricept and Reminyl
62
What activities help with Alzheimer's symptom control?
1. Music Therapy 2. Movies from their time period 3. Scrapbooking
63
How are Beta Amyloid Proteins (that form plaques) and Acetylcholine related to Alzheimer's?
They are chemical alterations that occur during Alzheimer's

Neuropsychology (4 decks)

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