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Neuropsychology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the leading cause of death in people ages 1-30?

A

Accidents

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2
Q

What age group is at the greatest risk for Accidents?

A

Ages 15-24

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3
Q

What is Neuronal Retrograde Degeneration?

A

Axon gets sheered

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4
Q

What is Neuronal Anterograde Degeneration?

A

Neurons die, which affects other neurons death

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5
Q

What does a Penetrating Head Injury (PHI) possible involve?

A
  1. Infection

2. Hemorrhaging

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6
Q

What are the two causes of Closed Head Injuries (CHI)

A
  1. Acceleration

2. Deceleration

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7
Q

What is Coup and Counterop?

A

Injury wherever brain is hit first, then injury to where the brain bounces to on the other side

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7
Q

What scale is used to assess the severity of TBI?

A

Glasgow Coma Scale

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8
Q

According to the Glasgow Coma Scale, if you have a score less than 5…

A

You are less likely to survive

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9
Q

What are the three categories of the Glasgow?

A
  1. Eye Opening Response
  2. Verbal Response
  3. Motor Response
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10
Q

What is the GCS Classification of a Severe Head Injury?

A

8 or Less

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11
Q

What is the GCS Classification of a Moderate Head Injury?

A

9 to 12

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12
Q

What is the GCS Classification of a Mild Head Injury?

A

13 to 15

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13
Q

Are there sleep/wake cycles during comas?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Comas are injuries to what two places?

A
  1. Lower brainstem

2. Reticular Activating System

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15
Q

What are the four main complications of Moderate to Severe TBI?

A
  1. Edema
  2. Brain Herniation
  3. Hematoma
  4. Seizures
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16
Q

What is an Edema?

A

Intracranial Swelling

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17
Q

What is Brain Herniation?

A

Displacement/deformation of the brain

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18
Q

What is a hematoma?

A

Brain bleed

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19
Q

Anticonvulsants administered prophylactically are used to aid with what?

A

Seizures

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20
Q

What is a Mild TBI?

A

A concussion that lasts less than 30 minutes

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21
Q

What is Postconcussional Syndrome?

A

Problems with:

  1. Attention
  2. Memory
  3. Speed of processing
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22
Q

How long does it take for Postconcussional Syndrome symptoms to resolve?

A

3-6 months, but affects are cumulative

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23
Q

What is Neuronal Sprouting?

A

Neuron Regrowth

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24
Q

What is Plasticity?

A

Ability for brains to reorganize after injury

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25
Q

Is plasticity better in children or adults?

A

Children

26
Q

What is the role of the Neuropsychologist in treating head injuries? (4)

A
  1. Baseline Evaluation
  2. Make plan of action
  3. Educate patient and family
  4. Find Strengths/Weaknesses
27
Q

What is the role of PT’s in treating Head Injuries?

A
  1. Improve Gross Motor Control

2. Determine Appropriate Assistive Application

28
Q

What is the role of OT’s in treating Head Injuries? (4)

A

Improve:

  1. Fine Motor Skills
  2. Sensory Function
  3. Perceptual-Motor Function
  4. ADL performance
29
Q

What is the role of Speech Therapists in treating Head Injuries?

A
  1. Improve Receptive/Expressive Skills

2. Treat Dysarthria

30
Q

What is Dysarthria?

A

Articulation Disorders

31
Q

What is the role of Therapeutic Recreation in treating Head Injuries?

A

To design recreational activities to build skills

32
Q

What is Cognitive Remediation?

A

Training from lower to higher cognitive functioning

33
Q

What is the Context Driven Approach?

A

Training specific skills for their needs

34
Q

What is the fast growing segment of the population?

A

The Elderly

35
Q

Does crystallized intelligence change with aging?

A

No

36
Q

What type of intelligence decreases with age?

A

Fluid intelligence

37
Q

What is fluid intelligence used for?

A

Problem solving in novel situations

38
Q

After age 75, both Fluid and Crystallized intelligence decline until what age?

A

85

39
Q

When is frontal lobe affected during aging?

A

During dementia

40
Q

What happens to the hippocampus as we age?

A

Short term memory recall worsens

41
Q

What happens to the temporal and parietal lobe as we age?

A

Finding your way worsens

42
Q

What is Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?

A

Age related cognitive decline

43
Q

Is MCI related to dementia?

A

Nope

44
Q

MCI typically affects what aspects of memory?

A

Encoding and retrieval

45
Q

What is dementia?

A

Significant decline in cognitive functioning

46
Q

What is Cortical dementia?

A

Dementia associated with the brain’s gray matter

47
Q

What are two types of cortical dementias?

A
  1. Alzheimer’s

2. Pick’s

48
Q

What is Subcortical Dementia?

A

Dementias associated with the brains white matter

49
Q

What are two types of subcortical dementias?

A
  1. Parkinson’s

2. Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s

50
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for dementia? (4)

A

Impaired:

  1. Cognitive Function
  2. Memory
  3. Language
  4. Executive Function

Connie Made Late Excuses

51
Q

Is Parkinson’s disease genetic or environmental?

A

Environmental

52
Q

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Progressive Cortical Dementia

53
Q

What is the likelyhood of Alzheimer’s after age 85?

A

10-30%

54
Q

In Alzheimer’s disease, which chromosomes have been implicated?

A

1, 14, 21

55
Q

The presence of what disease guarantee getting Alzheimers in the future?

A

Down Syndrome

56
Q

What are three symptoms of Alzheimer’s?

A
  1. Dementia
  2. Neuropatholical tangles
  3. Senile Plaques
57
Q

Atrophy of the frontal, temporal, and parental areas, as well as the hippocampus, are signs of what disease?

A

Alzheimer’s

58
Q

What are the four neuropsychological deficits in Alzheimers?

A
  1. Memory Disorder
  2. Fluent Anomic Aphasia
  3. Visual Spatial Difficulties
  4. Decline in general intellectual functioning
59
Q

What are is the Memory Disorder of Alzheimer’s?

A

Declarative learning goes down

60
Q

What is the Fluent Anomic Aphasia, associated with Alzheimers?

A
  1. Can speak fine but has a word finding problem

2. Stumbles on certain words

61
Q

What medications slow down Alzheimers?

A

Aricept and Reminyl

62
Q

What activities help with Alzheimer’s symptom control?

A
  1. Music Therapy
  2. Movies from their time period
  3. Scrapbooking
63
Q

How are Beta Amyloid Proteins (that form plaques) and Acetylcholine related to Alzheimer’s?

A

They are chemical alterations that occur during Alzheimer’s

Neuropsychology (4 decks)

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