Exam 3 Flashcards
(65 cards)
HR red flags
- Infant HR < 80 or > 220
* Child HR <60 or >180
BP red flags
- 0-1 month old systolic BP < 60
- 1 month-1yr old systolic BP < 70
- Older child systolic BP < 70 + (2x age in yrs)
shock state
not enough circulation to get blood where it needs to go
hypovolemia shock
shock causes by injury and dehydration. loss of blood volume.
Therapy - fluid replacement
cardiogenic shock
shock caused by pump (heart) not working. treat underlying cause. fluids don’t help
distributive shock
shock caused by blood volume not going where it is supposed to. caused by peripheral vasodilation so blood pools. happens in anaphylaxis, septic shock and neurogenic shock. treat the cause
obstructive shock
shock caused by obstructed blood flow to and from heart. causes may be cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, compression of vena cava
atrial septal defect
opening between atria. oxygenated from LA goes to RA. too much blood goes back to lungs. child is oxygenated but too much blood going to R side of heart. acyanotic heart disease.
ventricaular septal defect
opening between ventricle. oxygenated blood from LV goes to RV. acyanotic
patent ductus arteriosis
blood from LV to aorta is being shunted back to pulmonary arteries and goes back to lungs. acyanotic.
pulmonic stenosis
pulmonary valve is stenosed. RV hypertrophy from trying to push blood through valve
tetralogy of fallot
4 defects. pulmonary stenosis, RV hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect and overiding aorta
overiding aorta
aorta is hooked to RV and LV. picks up blood from both sides of the heart (mixed blood)
transportation of the great arteries
pulmonary artery hooked to LV and aorta is hooked to RV. 2 parallel circulations. incompatible with life unless mitigated by PDA. causes cyanosis, dyspnea, loud murmur, fatigue, hypoxia, finger clubbing, developmental delays, hypercyanotic spells
aortic stenosis
aortic valve is stenosed
coarctation of the aorta
there is a big diff b/t BP in arms and legs. top half of body is getting better blood than bottom half of body. low cardiac output, poor peripheral pulses and cap refill. decreased urinary output. CHF and pulmonary edema r/t blood shunting L to R.
rheumatic heart disease
caused by autoimmune response to untreated strep. fever, joint pain, subcutaneous nodules, chorea. treated with antibiotics, aspirin, corticosteroids
Kawasaki disease
fever, conjunctivitis, buccal, erythema, dermatitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, joint pain
hypopituitarism
small and short in statue
causes: idiopathic, CNS infection, trauma, tumor
Meds: growth hormone injection
hyperpituitarism
big, tall, joint problems. rare
causes: pituitary adenoma
Tx: surgery, radiation, sex hormones, meds (bromocriptine, glucosteroids)
primary amenrrohea
never had period/menses by age 14.5 and no secondary sex characteristics
secondary amenorrhea
started period and then stopped (absence of 3+ periods). most common cause is pregnancy
dysmenorrhea
painful menstrual cycles, affects 60-93% of girls
congenital hypothyroidism
gene mutation that causes thyroid gland to not work. thick tongue, lips, hypotonic, can’t regulate temp well. treat with synthroid for rest of life.