Exam 3 Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
atlanto-occipital joint type:
A
synovial condyloid
2
Q
antlantoaxial joint type:
A
- median: synovial pivot
- 2 lateral: synovial, condyloid?
3
Q
interbody joint types:
A
symphyses (amphiarthroses)
4
Q
facet joint types
A
synovial planar
5
Q
vertebrocostal joint types:
A
synovial planar
6
Q
c-spine flexion:
A
40-60 degrees
for lab: 0-50
7
Q
c-spine extension
A
60-80 degrees
for lab: 0-80
8
Q
c-spine lateral flexion
A
35-50 degrees
for lab: 0-45
9
Q
c-spine rotation
A
65-90 degrees
for lab: 0-80
10
Q
c-spine open pack positon
A
slight extension
11
Q
c-spine closed pack position
A
full extension
12
Q
c-spine capsular pattern
A
side flexion and rotation equally limited, then extension
13
Q
effect of max flexion on size of intervertebral foramen
A
- causes an upward/forward movement of inferior articular facet of superior vertebrae
- opening of apophyseal joint increases size of intervertebral foramen
- provides greater room for passage of spinal nerve root
14
Q
innervation of interbody joints
A
ventral rami: sinuvertebral nerves
15
Q
innervation of PLL
A
ventral rami: sinuvertebral nerves
16
Q
innervation of z joint capsules
A
dorsal rami
17
Q
association of spinal nerves exiting with vertebrae:
A
- C1-C7 above their level of vertebrae
- C8 below C7 vertebrae
- T1-S5 below their level vertebrae
18
Q
innervation of intertransversarri
A
ventral rami (in C spine)
19
Q
innervation of interspinalis muscles
A
dorsal cervical rami
20
Q
innervation of transversospinalis
A
(multifidi, semispinalis, rotatores)
-dorsal rami cervical spinal nerves
21
Q
splenius capitis/cervicis innervation
A
dorsal rami cervical spinal nerves
22
Q
levator scapula innervation
A
- dorsal scapular nerve
- ventral rami C3, C4
23
Q
longissimus capitis/cervicis
innervation
A
dorsal rami cervical spinal nerves
24
Q
trapezius innervation
A
- accessory nerve
- cervical nerves C3, C4
25
longus capitis/cervicis innervation
ventral rami C1-C3/ C2-C6
26
rectus capitis lateralis/anterior
| innervation
ventral rami C1-C2
27
scalenes (anterior, middle, post) innervation
ventral rami C4-C6, C7-C8
28
sternocleidomastoid innervation
accessory nerve
C2
C3
29
muscles that rotate contralaterally:
- trapezius
- sternocleidomastoid
- scalene muscles
30
action of rectus capitis lateralis:
- bilateral flexion
| - ipsilateral lateral flexion
31
action of rectus capitis anterior
- bilateral flexion
| - ipsilateral lateral flexion
32
action of sternocleidomastoid
- bilateral flexion
- ipsilateral lateral flexion
- contralateral rotation
33
action of longus colli
- bilateral flexion
- ipsilateral lateral flexion
- ipsilateral rotation
34
action of longus capitis
- bilateral flexion
- ipsilateral lateral flexion
- ipsilateral rotation
35
action of scalenes (ant/middle)
- bilateral flexion
- ipsilateral lateral flexion
- contralateral rotation
36
rectus capitis posterior major actions:
- bilateral extension
- ipsilateral lateral flexion
- ipsilateral rotation
37
rectus capitis posterior minor actions
- bilateral extension
- ipsilateral lateral flexion
- ipsilateral rotation
38
superior oblique actions
- bilateral extension
- ipsilateral lateral flexion
- ipsilateral rotation
39
inferior oblique actions
- bilateral extension
| - ipsilateral rotation
40
semispinalis capitis actions
- bi and unilateral extension
| - ipsilateral lateral flexion
41
semispinalis cervicis actions
- bi and unilateral extension
| - ipsilateral lateral flexion
42
splenius captitis actions
- bi and unilateral extension
- ipsilateral lateral flexion
- ipsilateral rotation
43
splenius cervicis actions
- bi and unilateral extension
- ipsilateral lateral flexion
- ipsilateral rotation
44
levator scapulae action
- bi and unilateral extension
- ipsilateral lateral flexion
- ipsilateral rotation
45
longissimus capitis action
- bi and unilateral extension
- ipsilateral lateral flexion
- ipsilateral rotation
46
trapezius actions
- bilateral extension
- ipsilateral lateral flexion
- contralateral rotation
47
sternocleidomastoid actions
- bilateral extension
- ipsilateral lateral flexion
- contralateral rotation
48
interspinales action
spine extension
49
intertransversarii action
- ipsilateral lateral flexion
- extension (bilateral)
- best for stabilization since don't produce much torque
50
levels skipped for transversospinalis muscles:
1 level: rotatores
2-4: multifidus
4-6: semispinalis
51
muscle functions of the c-spine:
- stabilize head (dynamic stability/stiffness)
- maintain cervical spine lordosis (ability to deal with axial forces)
- position head
- move head and neck
52
muscle with greatest moment arm for flexion/lateral flexion:
sternocleidomastoid
53
muscle with greatest moment arm for extension:
semispinalis capitis and splenius capitis
54
muscle with greatest moment arm of rotation and extension
trapezius
55
extensor muscles are most efficient in:
neutral
56
neutral zone:
- region of little passive resistance
| - staying within zone requires relatively small amounts of muscle force = less compression force and JRF
57
axis of motion for rotation is driven by:
facet joints
58
major restrictor of anterior tilt of C2
transverse ligament along dens
59
kyphotic curve of t-spine caused by:
wedge shape of vertebral bodies
| -smaller anterior
60
superior articular facets of thoracic vertebrae face:
posterior
| slightly lateral
61
inferior articular facets of thoracic vertebrae face:
anterior
| slightly medial
62
how to identify spinous processes in the thoracic spine:
```
T1-3: same level as vertebra
T4-6: halfway between T process of same level and vertebra below
T7-10: one level below
T11: halfway between
T12: similar to T3
```
63
rib articulations with t-spine:
T1, 10-12 have one vertebral articulation
- 2 demifacets for T2-T9
- articulates with superior aspect for rib at that level
64
true ribs
1-7
| -connect individually to sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions called costal cartilages
65
false ribs
8-12
- costal cartilages do not attach directly to the sternum
- fuse to costal cartilage of rib 7
66
floating ribs
11-12
| -no connection with the sternum
67
t-spine flexion ROM
30-40 degrees
68
t-spine extension ROM
20-25 degrees
69
t-spine lateral flexion ROM
25-30 degrees
70
t-spine rotation ROM
30-35 degrees
71
open pack position of t-spine
neutral
72
closed pack position of t-spine
extension
73
capsular pattern of T-spine
side flexion and rotation equally limited, then extension
74
coupling in upper t spine:
ipsilateral (but variable)
75
coupling in mid and lower t-spine:
rotexion: begin with rotation and add ipsilateral sidebending
latexion: begin with side bending and then add contralateral rotation
76
axis of rotation for pump handle movement of ribs:
medio-lateral axis of rotation
77
axis of rotation for bucket handle action of ribs:
ant/post axis of rotation
78
where in the thoracic cage is each type of rib movement predominant?
pump handle: upper thoracic cage
| bucket handle: lower thoracic cage
79
external intercostal fibers run:
inferior and medial
- most developed laterally
- most superficial
80
internal intercostal fibers run:
inferior and lateral
| -most developed by the sternum
81
innermost intercostal fibers run:
parallel to inner intercostals (inferior and lateral)
| -most developed in lower thorax
82
muscle group that has most effective leverage for lateral flexion:
erector spinae
83
most developed of erector spinae
longissimus
84
interspinalis and intertransversarius muscles are most developed in:
cervical region
85
axis of rotation of head and neck of a rib during elevation
parallel with the associated transverse process (p. 455)
