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Kinesiology 2 (PT 732) > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

lumbar vertebrae are taller:

A

anterior

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2
Q

lumbar ligament that resists most motions?

A

iliolumbar ligament

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3
Q

disk is very wedge shaped at what level?

A

L5/S1

-to help with articulation with sacrum

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4
Q

weakest point at interbody joint:

A

where endplate meets bone

-endplate more strongly bound to the intervertebral disk than the bone

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5
Q

tension in disk during twisting motions:

A

about half of the fibers experiencing tension around disk

-reduced ability to resist torsion

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6
Q

iliac crest at what spinal levels:

A

L4-5

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7
Q

PSIS at what spinal level:

A

S2

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8
Q

tissue of annulus fibrosus:

A

fibrocartilage

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9
Q

zygaphophyseal joints resist what motion?

A

shear forces

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10
Q

lumbar spine flexion ROM:

A

40-50 degrees

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11
Q

lumbar spine extension ROM

A

15-20 degrees

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12
Q

lumbar spine lateral flexion ROM

A

20 degrees

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13
Q

lumbar spine rotation ROM

A

5-15 degrees

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14
Q

normal lumbopelvic rhythm:

A

40 flex L spine

70 flex hip

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15
Q

L spine open pack:

A

neutral

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16
Q

L spine closed pack

A

full extension

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17
Q

L-spine capsular pattern:

A

side flexion and rotation equally limited

-then extension

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18
Q

interbody joints innervated by:

A

ventral rami

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19
Q

z joint capsules innervated by:

A

dorsal rami

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20
Q

psoas major innervation:

A

L1 spinal nerve

-femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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21
Q

quadratus lumborum

A

1-3 lumbar spinal nerves

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22
Q

rectus abdominis innervation:

A

intercostal nerves T7-T12

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23
Q

abdominal innervations:

A
  • lower intercostal (T7-T12)
  • iliohypogastric
  • ilioinguinal (L1)
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24
Q

which back muscles reduce anterior shear?

A

erector spinae

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25
what force on the L-spine is more likely to cause an injury?
* shear | - compression can handle a greater extent
26
why is flexion more likely to cause injury in L-spine?
- does have more compression but not close to compression max - causes shear force that is close to shear tolerance
27
approximate discal pressure standing in neutral:
400 N
28
max normal discal pressure:
10-15 kN compression | 1000 N shear cyclic
29
loads caused by flexion:
can exceed 1000 N shear or 3000 N compression
30
load distribution in neutral L-spine:
80% compressive force borne by IVD
31
spine with no muscle can buck at:
20 N
32
aspects of a squat lift:
- shorter external MA - more neutral spine position possible - less metabolically efficient - greater potential forces at other joints
33
aspects of a stoop lift:
- larger external MA - flexed spine/hip position - more metabolically efficient - decreased potential stress on other joints
34
have an increased compression/shear with what postures?
flexed
35
muscles activated during a sit up:
- latissimus dorsi - pectoralis major - obliques - rectus abdominus - transversus abominis - iliacus - rectus femoris
36
function of the pelvic girdle:
- supports weight of the body - transmits ground forces upward to the vertebral column - supports and protects pelvic viscera - muscle attachment - birth canal
37
pelvic inlet:
-superior oriented more vertically
38
pelvic outlet:
- inferior | - oriented more horizontally
39
number of coccyx vertebrae
3-5 vertebrae | 4 most common
40
primary sacroiliac ligaments:
- dorsal sacroiliac - ventral sacroiliac - interosseous sacroiliac - iliolumbar ligament (has 3 bands)
41
secondary sacroiliac ligaments
- sacrotuberous ligament | - sacrospinous ligament
42
lower band of iliolumbar ligament called:
lumbosacral ligament
43
zygapophyseal joints at lumbosacral junction face:
more posterior than medial
44
structures that resist the natural anterior shearing force at the L5-S1 junction
- intervertebral disk - capsule of apophyseal joints - ALL - iliolumbar ligaments - articular facets at the junction
45
effect of pelvic tilt on lumbosacral angle
anterior pelvic tilt: increases angle | -posterior pelvic tilt: decreases the angle
46
parts of sacroiliac joint:
1. synovial - L shaped - planar 2. fibrous synarthrosis - tuberosities
47
cartilage type on the sacral part of SI joint?
hyaline cartilage
48
cartilage type on the ilial part of SI joint?
fibrous
49
what age does the SI joint have capsular thickening and joint surface unevenness?
teens
50
what age does the SI become concave/convex?
young adult
51
what age does degeneration of the SI joint start?
mid-third decade
52
strongest SI ligament:
interosseous ligament
53
indirect SI ligaments:
- sacrospinous | - sacrotuberous
54
axis of rotation for nutation/counternutation
medial-lateral - at S2 - shifts with motion
55
nutation/counternutation degrees of motion:
1-4 degrees
56
SI open pack position:
counter nutation
57
SI close pack position:
nutation
58
capsular pattern of SI joint
pain with stress on joints
59
first line of defense for SI stability:
locking mechanism of body weight
60
second lines of defense for SI stability:
- stretches ligaments | - active muscle force
61
lumbopelvic rhythm at end range flexion:
-relative counter nutation as pelvis anterior tilts
62
lumbopelvic rhythm with initial trunk flexion:
-initial spina flexion with sacral nutation
63
ligaments that stretch with nutation torque from gravity:
- interosseous lig. - sacrotuberous lig. - sacrospinous lig.
64
what kind of torque does gravity put on the sacrum?
- nutation torque | - adds stability
65
ligaments of pubic symphysis:
1. superior pubic ligament | 2. inferior (arcuate) pubic ligament
66
posterior pelvic arch function:
weight transfer from above to LE's
67
anterior pelvic arch function:
-prevents posterior SI separation and strut for compressive forces coming from ground reaction
68
muscles contributing to anterior pelvic tilt:
- hip flexors | - back extensors
69
muscles contributing to posterior pelvic tilt:
- trunk flexors | - hip extensors
70
muscles contributing to lateral pelvic tilt:
-hip abductors -lateral trunk flexors (contralateral)
71
____ precedes an increase in intraabdominal pressure:
pelvic floor muscle contraction
72
causes of SI pathology:
- stepping into a hole unexpectedly - child birth/pregnancy/nursing - repetitive unidirectional torsion - falls - weak stabilization - genetic joint surface differences - osteoarthritis

Kinesiology 2 (PT 732) (5 decks)

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