Exam 3 Flashcards by keirra hamiel

What is the purpose of the immune system

A collection of disease fighting cells

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Triggers of an acute asthma attack

Stress
Inflammatory factors
Irritants
Environment

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Viral meningitis

Not as deadly or debilitating

Similar symptoms, but can be fully recovered from over time

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Bacterial meningitis:

Extremely ______________ and fast moving
Greatest potential for being _________
Long term effects include _______________, hearing loss, _______ damage, etc
Many forms can be prevented through ______________

Dangerous
Fatal
Amputation, Organ
Vaccinations

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Sickle cell anemia

Red blood cells are sickled/ crescent shape

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T/F

Type 1 diabetes= autoimmune condition= insulin dependent

True

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T/F

Type 2 diabetes:Chronic condition that affects how the body uses glucose, body has difficulty using insulin

True

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Loss of sodium, potassium, and ketone bodies through excessive urination

Diabetic coma

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Too much insulin, too little blood sugar

Insulin shock

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Epilepsy: Recurrent paroxysmal disorder of __________ function characterize by periods of altered consciousness, motor activity, sensor phenomenon or inappropriate behavior caused by ___________ cerebral neuron discharge

Cerebral

Abnormal

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Hypertension

High Blood pressure=140+/90+

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The female athlete triad include disordered eating, ___________ dysfunction, and ______________

Menstrual

osteoporosis

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How are blood borne pathogens transmitted

Contact with blood or other bodily fluids

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How are infectious diseases transmitted indirectly

Travel via inanimate objects or vector(animals)

Water, food, door knob, etc

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How are infectious diseases transmitted directly

Contact between body surfaces
Droplet spread
Fecal oral spread

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Types of pathogens

Viral
Bacterial
Parasite
Fungal

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Viral examples

Hepatitis 
HIV
Chicken pox
Common cold
HPV

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MRSA/staph
Gonorrhea
Impetigo
Urinary tract infection

Bacterial examples

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Parasite examples

Malaria
Scabies
Pinworm infection
Toxoplasmosis

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T/F

Fungal examples: athletes foot(Tina pedis), Yeast infection (Candidiasis)

True

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5 Stages of infections

Incubation
Prodromal
Acute
Decline
Recovery

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Most common blood borne pathogens

Human immunodeficiency virus
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C

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Treating athletes with open wound:
Remove from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Stop \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Cover
jerseys

Participation

Bleeding

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Dorsiflexion

Movement of foot toward anterior tibia

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plantarflexion

Movement of foot away from tibia

Eversion: turning foot ___________, weight is on medial edge of foot

Outward

T/F | Inversion: turning foot inward, weight is on lateral edge of foot

True

Combination of dorsiflexion, exertion, and forefoot abduction(toe out)

Pronation

Supination

Combination of plantarflexion, inversion, forefoot addiction

Movement of toes toward plantar surface of foot

Toe flex ion

Movement of toes away from plantar surface of foot

Toe extension

Prevention of foot injuries

Footwear Hygiene Orthotics

- Severe inversion and dorsiflexion - Inversion and plantar flexion force with external rotation of tibia on talus - Possible displacement

Talus fracture Mechanism of Injury(MOI)

Calcaneal stress fracture MOI

Repetitive impact Distance runners(heal strikers) COMMON

Calcanues fracture MOI

Landing or falling | Avulsion

Heel contusion MOI: Jumping/__________; stop and go response

Running

Cuboid sublaxion MOI

Pronation and trauma

- Generalized pain in proximal arch and heel - Flat foot-too much motion- stretching the fascia - High arch- too little motion absorbing too much at once - Wearing unsupported footwear for arch can this

Plantar fasciitis MOI

Mortons Neuroma MOI: - _______________ of nerve between 3rd and 4th _______________ - Caused by ____________/ pressure - Narrow shoes - collapse of ____________ arch - Pronation

Thickening, metatarsals Irritation Transverse

Hyperextension, overuse, toe gets stuck in artificial turf

Turf toe

Bones of the true ankle joint

Tibia Fibula Talus

Bone of Subtalar joint

Talus | Calcaneus

The ankles functional anatomy: - Ankle is a stable _______ joint - Medial and _________ displacement is prevented by the malleoli - Ligament arranged limits inversion and eversion at the ___________ joint - Square shape of ________ adds to stability of the ankle - Most stable during _______________, least stable in plantar flexion

``` Hinge Lateral Subtalar Talus Dorsiflexion ```

3 Ways of preventing ankle and lower leg injuries

- Achilles’ tendon stretching - Strength training - Neuromuscular control training

T/F | Inversion ankle sprains MOI: Inversion, plantarflexion; ATF, lateral ligaments

True

Eversion ankle sprains MOI

Eversion Avulsion of the tibia Deltoid ligaments

Distal tibiofemoral joint Increased external rotation or forced dorsiflexion Interosseus tearing

High ankle sprains MOI

Achilles rupture MOI

Sudden push off

Shin splints caused by

Repetititive microtrauma

General rehab techniques

``` General body conditioning Weight bearing Joint mobilization Flexibility Neuromuscular control Strengthening Taping/ bracing Functional progressions ```

Bones of the knee

Femur Tibia Patella

T/F The four ligaments of the knee include: Cruciate: ACL/PCL Collateral: MCL/LCL

True

The purpose of cartilage

Provides frictionless surface

Reduces friction in mobile areas( muscle and tendon movement over joint)

Bursae

Knee extensions

Quads: Vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, Patella

Semitendinosus, semimembranousus, gracilis, gastrocnemius

Knee flexors: Hamstrings

Ligament (ACL)sprains MOI: - Tibial ext rotation with _______ stress - _______________ from blow to anterior knee

Valgus | Hyperextension

PCL MOI

Blow to anterior tibia | Fall on flexed knee

MCL/LCL MOI

Valgus and Varus stress

Meninscus tear

Plant and cut Forced extension Int rotation of femur

Bursitis MOI

Acute: direct blow Chronic: friction

Frequent distance running Genuine varum Foot pronation

IT band syndrome MOI

T/F | Patellar tendinitis MOI: excessive jumping, running

True

Chronic inflammation | Sudden quad contraction

Patellar tendon rupture

The 4 considerations for gait and posture

- Stability and mobility in upright posture - Ability to raise and control trunk - Ability to balance on one leg - Walk with feet underneath body

The bones of the hip

Femur | Pelvic girdle

Hip prevention

Hip joint- base of stability Dynamic stretching Strengthening

Hip flexors

Illiacus | Psoas major

Semitendininosus Illiotibial band Biceps femoris Semimebranosus

Posterior Thigh

The medial thigh includes(groin muscle): Pectineus, Adductus, and __________

Gracilis

Femoral neck fractures MOI: _____________ load; decreased bone mineral _________

Unexpected | Density

Quad contusion MOI

Severe impact | Muscle compression

Severe blow Repeated blows Poorly managed contusions

Myositis ossificans traumatica MOI

Quad strains MOI

Sudden, violent, forceful knee flexion with hip flexion

Hamstring muscle strains MOI - Co-contraction or role change in hamstrings - ________ fatigue - Leg length _____________ - Faulty ___________ - Tight muscles - Muscle imbalance

Muscle Discrepancy Posture

Femoral stress fractures MOI

Femoral neck Female endurance/ marathon runners Overuse

Running, jumping, twisting with external rotation | Adductor longus

Adductor strain MOI

``` Hip dislocation MOI: - ______________ force - Uncommon in sports - Posterior ______________ Anterior dislocations ```

Traumatic | Dislocations

Avascular necrosis MOI: - Loss of _______ supply to head of femur - Happens in some dislocations/ fractures - May cause ________________

Blood | Osteoarthritis

Athletica Pubalgia MOI: - Chronic _______ region or inguinal pain - Repetitive ________ from kicking and twisting - Forceful hip adduction from hyperextension

Pubic | Stress

Exam 3 Flashcards

(80 cards)