Exam 4 Flashcards by keirra hamiel

The 4 articulations of the shoulder girdle

Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Coracoclavicular
Scapulothoracic

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Scapular rotation to facilitate shoulder abduction

1st 30degrees of abduction=little scapular rotation
Beyond 30degrees= for every 2 degrees of shoulder movement scapular rotates 1 degree
2:1 ratio

Scapulohumeral rhythm

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T/F
Supporting structure for shoulder
-Glenoid fossa
- Glenoid labrum
-Coracohumeral ligament
-Glenohumeral ligament

True

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Glenoid labrum:

Increases width and _______ of fossa
Assists in holding the _________ in place

Depth

Humerus

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Stabilizes the humerus against superior and lateral displacement

Coracohumeral ligament

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Glenohumeral ligament:

__________ the humerus against _________ displacement
1. Superior
2. Middle
3. Inferior

Stabilizes

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T/F
Shoulder Functions
Great degree mobility w/ limited stability

True

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Round Humeral head that articulates w/ a flat glenoid

Shoulder Function

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Rotator _____ & long head of the ________ provide dynamic stability

Cuff

Biceps

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_______________ compress the head while the other rotator cuff muscles depress the __________ head during overhead motion

Supraspinatus

Humeral

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Integration of the capsule and rotator cuff

- Muscle _____________ dynamically control the capsule

Contractions

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Humerus Fracture MOI

Direct blow
FOOSH
Dislocations
Spiral

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Overhead throwing

Rotator cuff MOI

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Sternoclavicular sprains MOI:

Direct blow, _________ of extended arm

Torsion

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Acromioclavicular Sprain MOI

Direct blow, FOOSH

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Rotator Cuff Impingement MOI:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ overhead activities
Supraspinatus \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Subacromial bursa
Long head of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tendon

Repetitive
Tendon
Biceps

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The purpose of the radial(lateral) and ulnar(medial) collateral ligaments

Provide support for the sides of the joint

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Valgus stress is an abnormal __________ turning of a bone

Ex. Abduction

Outward

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An abnormal inward turning of a bone

Ex. Adduction

Varus Stress

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T/F

Ulnar collateral ligament resists valgus torques

True

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Radial collateral ligament resist ______ torques

Varus

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In an anatomical position, it is common for the forearm to deviate laterally from arm 5-15 degrees

Carrying Angle

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Lateral epicondylitis is another term for

Tennis elbow

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Lateral epicondylitis MOI

Repetitive micro trauma to ___________ of wrist _________ muscles

Insertion

Extensor

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T/F | Medial Epicondylitis is another term for golfers elbow

True

Repeated forceful wrist flexion and extreme valgus torque on the elbow

Medial epicondylitis MOI

Little league elbow MOI | _______________ micro traumas that occur from ___________ motion- not due to pitch type

Repetitive | Throwing

Olecranon on Bursitis MOI

Acute or chronic pressure to the olecranon area | Military, carpenters, carpet installers,etc, who lay on elbow

Ulnar Collateral ligament MOI _______ stress( late cocking and early acceleration phases of throwing, forehand in tennis) Due from ___________ trauma

Valgus | Repetitive

Elbow dislocation MOI | FOOSH or severe _______ while elbows in a _________ position

Twist | Flexed

Elbow fracture MOI FOOSH or direct ______ More likely to happen in ___________ and adolescents than adults

Blow | Children

The 3 main prevention techniques for the hand

Strength Treatment Recognition

``` T/F Colles fracture(outward)- FOOSH ```

True

Triangular fibrocartilage complex injury MOI Violent twist or ________ of the wrist FOOSH/ _______________

Torque | Hyperextension

De quervains disease MOI

Repetitive wrist motions

Carpal tunnel syndrome MOI

Repeated wrist flexion, trauma

Boxers fracture MOI 5th ___________ fracture Direct or _____________ force

Metacarpal | Compressive

Scaphoid Fracture MOI

FOOSH | Poor blood supply(necrosis)

``` Hamate Fracture MOI Fall ________ while holding sports implement _____ stress fracture Digiti _______ muscles ```

Contact Hook Minimi

Mallet finger MOI Object strikes _____ of finger _________ of extensor tensor

Tip | Avulsion

Jersey Finger MOI

Jersey grab | Ruptures or avulses FDP

2 structures of intervetebral disks

Annulus fibrosis | Nucleus pulposus

Prevention of spinal injuries??

Stability Mobility Assessment

Cervical fracture MOI ______ loading Head-to-head ________ Hyperextension

Axial | Contact

Whiplash MOI Sudden ______ of the ______ Possible __________ tears Car accidents

Snap Head Ligament

Low back pain(LBM) MOI

Overuse that produces strains and/ or sprains

Lumbar fractures/ dislocations MOI Compression ________________ of trunk Falling from ________

Hyper flexion | Heights

Sciatica MOI

Disk protection Structural irregularities Piriformis syndrome

Disc herniation MOI

Forward bending and twisting | Sports

Spondylolysis MOI - Pars interarticularis - Region between the _________ and inferior articulation facets of a vertebra - Degeneration and _______ fracture will occur - Slipping=spondylolisthesis= a ____________ of the spondylolysis that results in hypermobility of a vertebra

Superior Stress Complication

Mild traumatic brain injury that alters the way the brain functions

Concussion

Signs and symptoms of concussion

``` Headache Dizziness Disorientation Confusion Loss of consciousness Nausea Vomiting Amnesia Seizure And more ```

Diagnosing a concussion

``` Make it standardized Objective and measurable History Symptom checklist Cognitive testing Balance testing Eye exam ```

Managing a concussion

No same day return with suspected concussion Acute management- determine need for referral Bottom line- refer if symptoms are deteriorating

Skull fractures MOI

Blunt trauma | Fall from height

Mandible Fracture MOI | Direct blow to the lower ____ or mandible

Jaw

Mandible luxation MOI

Side blow to open mouth

TMJ pain MOI Clenching of _______, contraction of jaw muscles -most commonly at night

Teeth

``` Epistaxis MOI Direct blow to the ______ _______ infection Humidity ______ injury Allergies ```

Nose Sinus Head

Orbital fracture MOI

Blow to the eye causing blowout fracture of the orbital bone

``` Tooth fracture MOI Impact to the upper or lower ______ Uncomplicated fx- no blood Complicated fx- bleeding root fx- below gum line ```

Jaw

Quadrants of abdomen

RUQ RLQ LUQ LLQ

Rib contusion MOI

Direct blow

Flail chest MOI | Direct blow or ___________(not very common; FB, wrestling)

Compression

Costochondral seperation MOI

Direct blow Sudden twist Compression

Sternum Fracture MOI Result of high _______ blow to the _______(car accident) May also cause __________ to underlying cardiac muscles

Impact Chest Contusion

The 3 lung pathologies

Pneumothorax Tension pneumothorax Hemothorax

Pneumothorax

Pleural cavity fills with air(collapsed lung)

Tension pneumothorax

Pleural cavity fills with air, displacing heart, compressing opposite lung

Hemothorax

Pleural cavity fills with blood

Lung pathologies MOI

Gunshot/ knife wound | Rib fracture

Commotio cordis MOI

Direct blow during depolarization

The 3 types of sudden death syndrome

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Coronary artery anomalies Marfans syndrome

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: ______________ of cardiac muscles with no increase in chamber size

Thickening

T/F | Coronary artery anomalies is when artery could be compromised or obstructed

True

Tissue abnormalities that result in weakened aorta and valves

Marfans syndrome

Kidney contusion MOI

Direct blow to low back

Bladder contusion MOI

Direct blow when bladder is distended

Direct blow | People with hepatitis are predisposed

Liver contusion

Spleen injury MOI

Direct blow to LUQ | Enlarged

Hernia: protrusion of ___________ viscera through a portion of the abdominal wall (Can be congenital or acquired)

Abdominal

Hernia MOI

Strain or direct blow | Increase in inter-abdominal pressure

3 types of hernias

I GUI also Femoral Strangulated hernia

Solar plexus injury MOI

Direct MOI

Exam 4 Flashcards

(84 cards)